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Novel Streamside Scenes

, 1947

Novelist Park Tae-won

(1909~1986)

The Cheong-gyecheon in the 1930s, and a Stroll into the Mod-ern Era

The stroll of novelist Park Tae-won, that starts from the sunny washing-place in the chilly streamside wind, is quite a routine wander in a city to see, listen and think while walking along the banks of a waterway. However, the streamside scenes were turned into elements of the modern city in his eyes, and he vividly ref lected the real situation of the stream, which was filled with dirty water betraying its name which means the clear and clean stream.The stroll of Park Tae-won represents the stroll through a city that breaks away from routine ones, and the stroll towards a modern era that envisions beyond that period. Now let us accompany him along the Cheonggyecheon in the 1930s, and a stroll into the modern era.

Park Tae-won 1909~1986A modernist novelist who lived on the banks of the Cheonggyecheon stream(7 Daokjeong), in Da-dong of Jung-gu District, Seoul In his works, One Day in the Life of Novelist Gubo(1934) and Streamside Scenes(1936~1937), he depicted scenes of rapidly modernizing Gyeongseong(now Seoul) and the areas surrounding the stream.

1909~1986 ( 7) (1934), (1936~1937)

Opening the Exhibition

Ever since the Cheonggyecheon stream appeared in historical records as being located in the central area of Hanyang, the capital of the Joseon Dynasty(1392-1910), it has remained f lowing for many centuries although undergoing a variety of changes.

This exhibition is designed to shed light on the Cheonggyecheon, particularly as it suffered in the 1930s, when the entire city transformed into a modern metropolis. The capital was the contact point between the old and new civilizations, although it was also constrained by modernization and colonization.

We hope that this exhibition will enable visitors to view the stream from diverse perspectives. It may also bestow fresh significance upon this stream in the minds of its viewers.

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Map of Greater

Gyeongseong (Seoul)

13639, 1936

Ginseng Coffee

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Western Clothing

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Modern culture, which was introduced in the 1930s, changed the city and daily life of people by arousing winds of change. So-called modern girls and modern boys strode down streets wearing fashionable clothes, and stores lined along high streets were filled with Western goods. The Cheonggyecheon itself experienced the rapidly modernizing civilization of those days.

A New Wind Blows over the Cheonggye-cheon

During the Japanese Colonial period, street networks were reorganized from an east-west axis to a north-south axis, to connect with the southern town where many Japanese people lived; wealth and strength became settled around Hwanggeumjeong (now Eu lji ro) and Bonjeong (now Chungmuro). In addition, the city was expanded as the Joseon Urban Planning Ordinance, the first act on modern urban planning, was implemented in 1934. This rearrangement of the city changed the composition of citizens by arranging the southern town for the Japanese to live while making Koreans to reside in the northern town, bordering the Cheonggyecheon. And this change served as a momentum for bringing the threatening dwelling-problems of the poor urban citizens up to the surface.

Expansion of the city and changes in street net-works

Western civilization became highly popular during the period of Japanese colonial rule. High-rise buildings constructed with bricks and concrete changed the skyline of the modern city, and people became accustomed to Western clothes and cosmetics as well as Western foods and beverages such as coffee, beer and chocolate. These new cultural structures and products that stimulated the five senses turned the streamside into an area that was affluent with experiences of them.

Influx of new civilization

, 19302013

Honmachi(Chungmuro) Street

15600,

Cafe Marubiru

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Voucher for Tea Room

Geumgangsan

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Brunswick Gramophone

2283, 1930

Gyeongseong Post Office

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There exists light and shadow even in this new-world era filled with rich modern experiences. Bordering the Cheonggyecheon, Japanese people lived south of it and Koreans lived in areas north of it. Streets in the southern town f lourished with modern buildings and facilities, while the northern town was seen as an old-fashioned and backward area that admired or envied the fancy and bustling southern town. This stream was a geographical border that divided the city into southern and northern towns as well as a boundary line that discriminated peoples, spaces and cultures.

The Cheon-ggyecheon Flows between Light and Shadow.

The southern town where Japanese lived became the center of commercial and financial activities, in which new shops, department stores and colonial f inancial institutions were located, and streets were expanded and newly built. This area was reformed into a modern entertainment, culture and arts zone based on coffee shops and cafes that came into being starting in the 1920s. The southern town established itself as a symbol of modern society because the colonial power, financial capital, commerce, culture and arts were congregated there.

The southern town, heart of bustling city

The entertainment culture of modern cities in the Japanese colonial period is represented by teahouses and cafes, which first appeared in the 1920s in the southern town. They were most prevalent in the 1930s, and they then expanded into the northern town. Teahouses served as cozy spaces for passing time in relaxation with refined sensibility by providing coffee or tea, leisure spaces and diversified cultural activities. In contrast, cafes provided superficial but stimulating erotic pleasures as the advance-guard of the new entertainment culture by selling liquor and smiles.

Advent of modern en-tertainment culture: tea rooms and cafes

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View of a Korean Village

15598,

Huts at Slum Area

16961, 1930

View of a Korean Village

15598,

1929.11.25

Cheonggyecheon stream area is like

Garbage Bin

Maeil Shinbo Nov.25, 1929

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1935.3.9

Gyeongseong, a City of Disease!

Filthy Sewerage is the Cause

Dong-A Ilbo March 9, 1935

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Unlike the f lourishing southern town, the northern areas of Gyeongseong remained lagging behind. Construction and expansion of streets was very limited, and the Cheonggyecheon tributaries were dredged and cleaned mainly in the southern neighborhoods. In addition, the stream was further polluted by domestic waste waters discharged by poor people who settled around the stream, and the area became a hotbed of infectious diseases and crimes such as murder and robbery.

The northern town, an area of gloomy reality and backwardness

The filthy sanitary conditions of the Cheonggyecheon emerged as a social issue. The main stream was not dredged until the late 1910s under the Japanese colonial rule because the city government took only lukewarm actions on the pretext of shortage of budget, since roads around the stream were mainly used by Korean citizens. Moreover, the water in the stream got dirtier due to indiscreetly discharged domestic sewage and human wastes, becoming a hotbed of infectious diseases.

Takgyecheon, a dirty stream

Newspapers f requent ly reported cr imes and accidents occurring in the areas around the stream in those days. The stream was stained with various crimes and accidents, such as falling accidents due to narrow roads, assaults in cafes around the stream, deserted bodies and murders. These crimes and accidents ref lect a dark side of the modern entertainment culture and the difficult life of urban poor people against the backdrop of backwardness in the northern town caused by the indifference and evasion of the Japanese colonial regime.

An extremely dangerous Cheonggye-cheon stained with crimes and accidents

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133-814 530 ( 527-4)Tel 02-2286-3410 Fax 02-2286-3414 www.cgcm.go.kr

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This stream showed varied aspects in the course of the rapid modernization of the 1930s. It served as a continuing stage and boundary of space and time with duplicated frameworks of new and old culture, modernity and pre-modernity, and racial conflicts caused by discrimination between Koreans and Japanese.

The stream was a discriminative boundary line that divided spaces and people beyond the geographical borders that differentiated the northern town from the southern town, due to contrast of the constituents in these two towns and the intentional discrimination policy of Imperial Japan attempting to justify its colonial rule in the course of changes mandated by its modernization policies.

The Cheong-gyecheon as a Space with Two Fa-cades.

Census Report by Vocation

15520, 1934

Japanese and Korean women

Walking On The Street

13670, 1927