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Objective: Know the Proper terms to use
when talking about horses. Be able to recognize some of the
different color patterns of horses.
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Horse Terms
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Monday Morning Disease Equine exertional
rhabdomyolysis/ Azoturia/ Tying up
loins and quarters harden resulting in cramps and muscular stiffness when exercised
Hard working horse gets rest
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Hindquarters: Rear of flank – top of tail – top of gaskin
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• Highest point: poll• Weakest part of back: loin behind saddle• Top of hindquarter hip – tail: croup• Hock – Stifle: Gaskin• Withers: horse’s height is measured
Barrel
Pronounced croup: jumper’s bump
Hind cannon: shank
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• Bony part of tail where hair grows: DOCK
Fistulous Withers (ridge btw shoulder blades):Inflammation of bursa
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terms
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Drive horse harnes
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Farrier Skilled Craftsperson whoShoes horses
• Shoes distributes the weight of the limb over a larger surface area and moves the breakover point further back on the foot
• Shoes reduce the stress on the lamellar tissue along the front of the foot while consistently supporting the sole of the foot
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Laminitis Transient ischemia:
coagulopathy breakdown and
degeneration between the horny and sensitive laminae
Illustration by Dr. Gheorghe Constantinescu
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Laminitis stance/ Founder
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Hoof
Frog: rubber pad on the sole, shock absorber
Fungal/bacterial infection in cleft of frog
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Mare Female horse 4 yrs and older (after
3rd birthday) Usually after having an offspring.
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Filly Young female horse< 4 yrs old (2-3 yrs old) Female foal: Filly foal Feathering Yearling: Colt or filly
btw 1-2 yrs
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Brood Mare Mare that is used strictly for
breeding
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Stallion Male horse STUD Uncastrated male horse Also calledEntire Intact male after 3rd birthday
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Colt Young male horse Uncastrated Male horse 4yrs Old (2-3 yrs old)
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Gelding Male horse castrated before
reaching sexual maturity
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Foal
Young Horse male or female
Birth – weaning: 4-7 months Up to 1 yr old
Colt filly gelding (castrated)
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Jack Male donkey
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Jennet (Jenny) Female donkey
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HYBRIDS
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Mule Offspring of a
mare mated to a jack
More common than hinney
All male mules and most female mules are infertile
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Hinney Offspring of a jenny mated to a
stallion
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Zony Offspring of a pony mated to zebra
stallion
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Zorse Offspring of a stallion zebra mated
to a mare
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Hand Unit of measurement for horses A hand is equal to 4 inches. The height of a horse is
measured at the withers.
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Light Horses Most horses, usually
riding breeds; small bones and thin legs
Above 14.2 hands 900 – 1200 lbs. AQH, Arabian,
Thoroughbreed, Morgan, Standarbreed,Tennessee walking….
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Draft Horses
Was developed in Northern Europe as war horses
Above 16 hands 1,500 – 2,500 lbs Large bones and thick Percheron,
Clydesdale, Belgian
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Pony A breed of horse
that is under 14.2 hands.
<800 lb. Welsh, Pony of
Americas, Shetland
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Breed registries with color requirements Color is not breed Pinto, Palomino, Buckskin,
American paint horse, Appaloosa and Friesian are breeds with distinct color
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Horse Colors
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Horse Colors Continued
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Bay Red – reddish brown, with black mane and tail
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Brown
Black and tan
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Sorrel
Reddish brown – brownish orange with same color mane with lighter extremities (if only red: chestnut)
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Dapple Gray
"dapples", which are dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal
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Paint
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Spotted
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PalominoPale cream – gold with whitish mane and tail
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Pinto
• White with patches
of another color• Piebald:
white/black• Skewbald:
white with any color except black
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Buckskin
Light yellowish with black tail and mane
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White
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Roan
Base color: red, black or brown with white hair that give speckled look, usually darker in head and lower legs
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Chestnut
Dark red or brownish red
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Brindle horse
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Patient Identification Signalment Breed, coat color Point markings
6: 4 legs, head, tail Standardization is limited:
Sock – stocking? Coronet – pastern?
Draw/ camera
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Star
A star is any white marking on the forehead of the horse. A star can be small, large, regular or irregular in shape, in the center of the forehead or off to the left or right side of the forehead.
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Stripe or Strip (small marking)
A stripe or strip is a white marking on the bridge of the horse's nose, below the level of the eyes and above the level of the nostrils
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Connected Star and Stripe
A star is often connected to a stripe and is described as a connected star and stripe.
A stripe or strip can be long, short, wide, narrow, centered on the face of the horse or off to the left or right side.
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Snip A snip is any white
mark that is located between the nostrils of the horse.
A snip may be small, large, centered or extend into one or both nostrils. A snip is often connected to a stripe, and many times with a star and stripe.
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Blaze A blaze is a wider
white marking that usually covers the region of a star, stripe and snip, but extends to the width of the bridge of the horse's nose.
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Bald A bald face is a
very wide blaze that extends to and may cover the eyes, nostrils, and upper lip
Bald face with white extending to lower lip.
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Distal limb joints
Fetlock joint:Lowest joint on the horse’s leg
Shorter cannon bones better conformation
(shanks)
Pastern: connect hoof to
fetlock
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Heel.-Horses will commonly have a white marking that covers one or both heels.
Coronet.- White covering the coronary band or coronet
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Half Pastern White extending approximately half way up the pastern
Pastern A white marking which includes the entire pastern.
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Fetlock or Ankle A white marking that extends to and covers the fetlock.
Sock A white marking that extends half way up the front or rear cannon. Often called a Half Stocking
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Stocking A white marking that extends from the coronet to the knee or hock
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References http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/ http://www.thehorse.com/Glossary.aspx?L=A http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/resourcesmag/summer98/
one_horse.html http://www.horsecolor.com/basics/starting_point.htm http://www.vet.upenn.edu/Research/
BasicandClinicalResearch/SpeciesBasedResearch/LaminitisInstitute/LaminitisFAQs/tabid/1322/Default.aspx
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90722.htm
http://www.aaep.org/laminitis.htm