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ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
PRESENTED BY
SONU KUMAR
SOURAV KUMAR
Process and Contemporary theoryof
Work Motivation
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Work Motivation Theory
Process theories of motivation
- Vrooms expectancy theory- The Porter- Lawler model
Contemporary theories ofmotivation
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Process theories
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Expectancy theoryMotivation is result of rationalcalculation argues that motivation isdetermined by individual beliefsregarding efforts/performance
relationship and work motivation
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Terms usedExpectancy :
it is the probability that work
effort will be followed by performanceaccomplishmentInstrumentality :
it is the probability that
performance will lead to various work outcomesValence:
it is the value to the individual ofvarious work outcomes
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Flow chart
Motivation force= VE
Expectancy
Outcome1
Outcome1a
Instrumentality
Outcome1b
Outcome2a
Outcome2b
Outcome2
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Porter
lawlwer theoryPorter and lawler point out that effort (forceand motivation) does not lead directly toperformanceIt is moderated by moderated by abilities andtraits by role perceptionMore important here is that what happens after theperformanceIn other words- The rewards that follow and how theseare perceived will determine satisficationPorter and lawler find out that more variables andcognitive process plays central role
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Flow chartValue ofreward
perceivedeffort(rewardprobability)
Effort
Abilities andreward
Roleperception
Performanceaccomplishment
Intrinsicaward
extrinsicaward
perceivedequitablerewards
satisfaction
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ContemporaryTheories
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Equity Theory
(Adams, 1963; Landy, 1989; Beehr, 1996)
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A version of discrepancy theory of jobsatisfaction focusing on the discrepanciesbetween what one has on the job and whatone thinks is fair - what one should have
Equity Theory
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Equity TheorySocial comparison takes place
Perceived discrepancies between ratios may
produce tension or dissonanceAmount of discrepancy corresponds to the
amount of tension the individual experiences
Amount of tension corresponds to the amount of
energy an individual expends to alleviate thediscrepancy
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Equity TheoryInputs
- factors considered by the individual
that contribute to their work -knowledge, skills and abilities
Outcomes
- factors considered by the individual to
have personal value - money,promotion, praise
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REINFORCEMENT
THEORY This theory can be traced to the work of the
pioneering behaviorist B.F. Skinner.
It is considered a motivation theory as well as alearning theory. Reinforcement theory posits thatmotivated behavior occurs as a result of reinforces,which are outcomes resulting from the behaviorthat makes it more likely the behavior will occur
again. Behavior that is reinforced is likely to continue,
but behavior that is not rewarded or behavior thatis punished is not likely to be repeated.
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Reinforcement theory is a behavioristapplication based on the idea that people
are not driven by motivation , but by theirenvirnoment
The reinforces or positive consequencesare what make a behavior more likely tobe habit than exception
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Thank You