i

-

e.g. Bruininks, 1974

e.g. , 1968; , 1974

, 1999

e.g. , 2007; , 2008

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,

DSM-IV-TR, 2000 mental retardation

-

22

172 KJ

5

1 2

3

ii

2

2

-

1)

2 3

4

4

- 1 2 1 4 5

2 6

3

2

1

( )

2

2 1

2

iii

2

2003

4 2

cf. , 1997; , 1972

3

4

4

cf. Gopher, 1990

2

iv

Nugent & Mosley, 1987;

Merrill & Peacock, 1994

Nugent & Mosley 2

Merrill & Peacock

5

3

-

13ms

0.3mm

3

-

3 1 2 4

3 1 2 4 3 4

v

1) 4 10mm/s

2) 5

2

3)

4)

X Y

3

vi

3

(Hay, 1990)

3

Carlton (1981)

vii

6

2004

2

6

2

3

Gopher, 1990

5

5

Schmidt (1991)

5

2

viii

6

ix

1.1 1

1.1.1

1.1.2

1.1.3

1.2 2

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.3 5

1.3.1

1.3.2

1.3.3

1.3.4

1.3.5

1.3.6

1.3.7

1.3.8

1.4 28

2.1 33

2.2 34

2.3 35

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.4 40

1

x

3.1 43

3.2 44

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.3 48

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.3.3

3.3.4

3.3.5

3.4 76

4.1 81

4.2 81

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.2.3

4.3 89

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.4 101

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.3

4.5 108

xi

5.1 111

5.2 112

5.2.1

5.2.2

5.3 119

6.1 121

6.2 122

6.2.1

6.2.2

6.2.3

6.2.4

6.2.5

6.2.6

6.2.7

6.3 131

6.3.1

6.3.2

6.3.3 FB

6.3.4

6.4 144

7.1 149

7.2 154

7.3 159

7.4 164

7.4.1

7.4.2

xii

171

183

193