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O: You will be able to explain how minerals are formed and
mined.
Do Now: How do you think minerals are formed?
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• Minerals form in a variety of environments in the Earth’s crust.
• Each of these environments has a different set of physical and chemical conditions.
• The environment in which a mineral forms determines the mineral’s properties.
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• Geologists use the term ore to describe a mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for profit.
• Rocks and minerals are removed from the ground by one of two methods—surface mining or subsurface mining.
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Open-Pit Mining
• Minerals are mined from the surface.• They go layer by layer in a stair like pattern.
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• Subsurface mining methods are used when mineral deposits are located too deep within the Earth to be surface mined.
• Subsurface mining often requires that passageways be dug into the Earth to reach the ore.
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Mining Problems
• Mining can cause pollution.
• It can also damage the land.
• It can disturb natural habitats of plants and animals native to the area.
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Possible Solutions
• Reducing the amount of minerals we consume.
• Reclamation is returning the land to the state it was before they mined it.
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• Mineral Uses• Copper electrical wire, plumbing, coins• Diamond jewelry, cutting tools• Galena batteries, ammunition• Gibbsite cans, foil, appliances, • Gold jewelry, computers, spacecraft• Gypsum wallboards, plaster, • Halite nutrition, highway de-icer• Quartz glass, computer chips• Silver photography, electronics products• Sphalerite jet aircraft, spacecraft
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Homework
• 1. Where do minerals come from?
• 2. What are the two mining methods used to extract ore?
• 3. How does reclamation help the land?