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Nutrition
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Introduction• What is the first thing that
comes to mind when you hear the word “nutrition”?
• Does this differ when you hear the word “food”?
• What about the word “diet”?
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Food• Why do you eat what you
eat?
• Environment• Health• Senses• Culture / Religion• Genetics
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Terminology• Nutrients: “Any substance in
food that the body can use to obtain energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate functions.” (Insel & Roth, 2010, Pg 11)
– Essential Nutrients: • Must be obtained by eating food
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Nutrients• Six classes of nutrients:
– Carbohydrates– Lipids (fats)– Proteins– Vitamins– Minerals– Water
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Key Terminology• Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
– Adequate Intake (AI)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
• Daily Value (DV)
• Nutrient Dense
• Energy Dense– Calorie dense
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Nutrition and Health
(Kline, 2008)
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Cells
(Kline, 2008)
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Energy• What is one of the main reasons
you eat food?– Energy!– Only three classes of nutrients
supply energy
– How is energy from food measured?• Kilocalorie vs calorie
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Introducing the Nutrients
• Energy in foods– Measured in kilocalories (kcal)
Discovering Nutrition, 2010
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Recommended Calorie Intake
• In General:
• However, everyone is different– Gender, age, body size & activity level all
play a role.
Men
2,500 – 2,800
Women
1,800 – 2,000
Children
1970 for boys1740 for girls
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How much energy do you need?
• Resting Metabolic Rate– Basal Metabolic Rate
– Your body weight in pounds x 10 = BMR– You’ll need to factor your activity level
• BMR x 0.30 for moderate activity• BMR x 0.40 – 0.60 for very physically active
– Add BMR + activity for daily calorie needs
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USDA Food Guides
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History of USDA’s Food Guidance
1940s
1950s-1960s
1970s
1992
2005
Food for Young
Children
1916
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http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/diabetes/mypyramid.gif
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http://www.choosemyplate.gov/
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Nutrient Density
(Kline, 2008)
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(Kline, 2008)
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(Kline, 2008)