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Nucleic Acid Structure
GBCB 5874: Problem Solving in GBCB
The Central Dogma
Nucleic Acids are Linear Polymers
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
The Bases of Nucleic Acids
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
The Sugars of Nucleic Acids
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
Backbones of DNA and RNA
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
Nucleoside Terminology
ThymidineUridine
DeoxycytidineCytidine
DeoxyguanosineGuanosine
DeoxyadenosineAdenosineDNARNA
Nucleoside: base bonded to sugar
β-glycosidic linkage to N-9 of a purine base or N-1 of a pyrimidine base
Nucleotide Terminology
Thymidine…phosphate(Thymidylic acid)
Uridine…phosphate(Uridylic acid)
Deoxycytidine…phosphate(Deoxycytidylic acid)
Cytidine…phosphate(Cytidylic acid)
Deoxyguanosine…phosphate(Deoxyguanylic acid)
Guanosine…phosphate(Guanylic acid)
Deoxyadenosine…phosphate(Deoxyadenylic acid)
Adenosine…phosphate(Adenylic acid)
DNARNA
Nucleotide: nucleoside joined to one or morephosphate groups by an ester linkage
Bonded to C-5’ hydroxyl group ->nucleoside 5’-phosphate or 5’-nucleotide
Example of Nucleotide
DNA Double HelixBackbones in darker blue and red.Bases in lighter blue and pink.
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
Watson-Crick Base Pairing
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
Forms of DNA
DNA Backbone Parameters
DNA Grooves
Berg, J.M. et al. (2002) Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co.
DNA Packing
Types of RNA
• mRNA (messenger RNA)– Template for protein synthesis (translation)
• tRNA (transfer RNA)– Carries activated amino acids to ribosome for
protein synthesis– At least one kind of tRNA for each of the 20 amino
acids• rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
– Major component of ribosomes
Structure of tRNA