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NSSH Science2013-2014
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Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
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Rare Earth MetalsSome are
RadioactiveThe rare
earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
Conduct electricity
Please choose your colors and color in these sections in the first periodic table on your handout.
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Properties of MetalsMetals are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are shiny.Metals are ductile (can be
stretched into thin wires).Metals are malleable (can
be pounded into thin sheets).
A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.
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Properties of Non-MetalsNon-metals are poor
conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.
Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.
They are dull.Many non-metals are
gases.
Sulfur
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Properties of MetalloidsMetalloids (metal-like)
have properties of both metals and non-metals.
They are solids that can be shiny or dull.
They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.
They are ductile and malleable.
Silicon
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ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it is
a non-metal1 electron in the outer shell
(valence electron)Soft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with waterNever found as free elements in
natureConduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
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ALKALI METALS
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
Sodium (Na) in Oil Lithium (Li) in Water
Cutting an Alkali Metal
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ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the
outer shellWhite and malleableReactive, but less
than Alkali metalsAlso not found
uncombined in nature
Conduct electricity
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ALKALINE EARTH METALSAlkaline Metal Examples
Flame colors produced by Alkaline Metals
Fireworks Show using Alkaline Earth Metals
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TRANSITION METALSGroups in the middle
Number of valence electrons can vary
Heavier metalsGood conductors of
heat and electricityHigh melting/boiling
pointsSome are used for
jewelryHighly malleable DuctileCan form alloys –
physical mixtures of metals
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TRANSITION METALS
Tin
Silver
Copper Wire
Bronze Alloy
Tin + Copper
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Rare Earth Elements (Inner Transitional Elements)
Composed of the lanthanide and actinide series.
Most of the elements in the actinide series are synthetic or man-made.
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Uranium Ore
Most inner transitional elements are radioactive and unstable
Rare Earth Elements (Inner Transitional Elements)
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HalogensGroup 177 electrons in the outer
shellAll are non-metalsVery reactive are often
bonded with elements from Group 1 (form halides)
Come naturally in pairs –diatomic molecules
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Halogens
Cl2, Br2, I2
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Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
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Noble Gases Valence Electrons
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13 14 15 16 17 18