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Nothing Down: How to start your GIS
project with little or no cost
Ruslan Rainis (Prof)
Opensource GIS Research Group
School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Email: [email protected]
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
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Background
• Well-known that GIS is useful to many
organizations for various routine, tactical &
strategic decision making process.
• But still many organizations do not yet
implement/use GIS for various reasons.
• One major reason – cost
– Can we start GIS project with little or no cost?
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GIS 101
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COMPONENTS OF GIS
• Not just a technology - an integration of five basic components
Software
provides functions and tools to store, analyze, and display geographic information.
Data
integration of spatial data and tabular data
(attributes)
Methods
A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed
implementation plan and business rules
People
GIS specialists vs end users
Hardware
computer system on which a GIS
operates
Source: ESRI
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GIS COMPONENT (1)
• hardware
– computers to run software
– other related software
• software
– computer program to process data
• custom-written software
• generic programs are more popular
• data
– processed for information retrieval
– most costly compared with hardware and software
– longer life span
– at times, have legal value
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GIS COMPONENT (2)
• People/Institution
– individual and organisation that uses or
implements GIS
– critical components - decides the success of
implementation
• need for GIS professional to analyze,
research, design complex GIS systems
• difficult to change humans to adapt with new
technology
– always overlooked
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Query
Analyze
Store Display
Capture
Output
GIS Software functions
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GIS SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM (1)
• data acquisition
– define, entry and preliminary processing data
– digitizer, scanner, survey equipment, etc.
• data management
– control existence, update, recall and deletion of
data
– database management system
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GIS SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM(2)
• analysis of data
– generation of information from data archives
– spatial analysis software
– value of GIS depends on the analytic functions it
provides
• information output
– generated information conveyed to the users
– information managed by computers can be
plotted, printed or exported into other systems.
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A Quick look at the cost of GIS
implementation
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Some strategies how to implement
gis with little or no cost
• Use freely or opensource softwares – many available of many kinds
• Use insider talents not money – use talents of existing staff
• Exchange data with other organisations
• Barter trade – offset cost of data capture with other equivalent values– E.g. give resell right to data (at agreed time period)
• Rent instead of purchase
• Provide incentive to staffs – extra leave or sponsor to family day
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Some strategies how to implement
gis with little or no cost…2
• Sell ads space in newsletter to generate
income to cover cost of GIS implementation –
newsletter related to GIS.
• Setup membership site – let say sharing
experience & giving support using opensource
GIS
– Just imagine if you charge RM20/month & have 500
members, total income RM10,000 per month (make
money while you sleep).
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How to implement gis with little
or no cost
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What is Open Source and How
Does it Work
Freely available software and source code with limited licensing
restrictions on distribution
Collaborative, community-based software development process
Proactively engages software users with software developers
The Internet provides the backbone for a virtual software
development team
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Tpyes of OpenSource GIS
• Software Development
– Desk-top
– Web-based (mapserver)
– Libraries
• Development team
– Individual-based
– Collaborative networks
– Corporation based
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Why Opensource GIS?
• The Future of GIS – GIS for ALL & Spatially-
Enabled Society
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Why Increasing Interests in OS GIS
(Benefits of the Open Source Model)
Lower Software Cost - No licensing fees Resources are allocated to building applications and enhancing software, not
licensing multiple machines
• Independence from proprietary technology
• Security – risks especially sensitive applications such as e-government, e-procurement
• Enables development of highly customized applications based on organisation’s needs – greater control Development priorities are driven by end-user needs
Issues can be resolved in-house
Vibrant user community – include corporate support
Standards support – Open GIS Consortium
Software quality - improved
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Examples of OS GIS
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Examples of OS GIS
• Google Map
• Quantum GIS
• Open Jump
• DIVA GIS
• MapWindow
• gvSIG
• SPRING
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GoogleMap
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Quantum GIS
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OpenJUMP GIS
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DIVA-GIS
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MapWindow
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MapWindow
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MapWindow
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SPRING
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Thank you for listeningExample Projects
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GIS for Lembah Bujang
Archeological study
• Use GoogleMap & MapServer – for easy access
– Locational data using GPS.
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GIS for Secondary
School
• Use MapServer (web-based) & Open Jump
(desktop)
– Case study Form 1 Geography Subject
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The uses of OpenJUMP in teaching geography subject to Form 1 students.
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Web-based tourist
information system
• Use MapServer – to find shortest distance from
origin to various tourist destinations
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Sistem Bantuan Pengurusan
KETENGAH-GIS
( SBPK-GIS )
http://gis.ketengah.gov.my
Courtesy of Spatialworks Sdn Bhd
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An online web-GIS application for data sharing
among division in KETENGAH.
Functionalities:
• System Administration and User administration module
• Online map navigational Module
• Online dynamic Map Feature Search module
• Online attribute editing module
• Online dynamic map composition and printing module
• Online document/photo upload to feature
• User access and security control
• System log
SBPK-GIS KETENGAH
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Online SBPK-GIS: http://gis.ketengah.gov.my
Toggle Button
Zooming tools
Pan
Information
Select Rectangle
Upload
Query
Ruler
Eraser
System Admin.
ONLINE
Map
Viewing
Data
layer list
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Online SBPK-GIS
97 layers of topo data
48 layers of as-built plan data
271 layers of scanned images
30 layers of other data layers
Total: 446 data layers in SBPK-GIS
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Online Irrigation Schemes
Information System
( OISIS )
Development of Pilot GIS for the KETARA and Trans Perak Irrigation Scheme
http://bpsp.moa.my/website/
http://spatialworks.mine.nu/website/
Courtesy of Spatialworks Sdn Bhd
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Scheduling
Monitoring
Benchmarking
GIS
Maintenance
Administrator
• to support irrigation
scheduling
• to support irrigation
infrastructures
management and
maintenance
• to measure the
effectiveness of
irrigation against
paddy productivity
• to support system
administration function
that include assigning user ids, passwords,
and their access level
• spatial database
management of
irrigation infrastructures
• to support water supply
monitoring at intake
points and water level
in the paddy field
OISIS System Modules
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http://spatialworks.mine.nu/dbkk/
Contoh Sistem Pangkalan Data GIS Berpusat - Sistem Maklumat Pemetaan & Geospatial (SiMPeG), DBKK
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Open Source GIS Application for DBKK
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Open Source GIS Application for DBKK
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Shortest Path Routing Application using Open Source
http://spatialworks.mine.nu/fastroute/
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EIA-GIS Web GIS Application (DOE)
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Open Source GIS Application for JKNNS
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Vehicle Tracking System
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• Task
– Find a suitable site for a new university aquaculture
lab using the following selection criteria:
• Preferred land use is brushland (i.e. locode = 300 in
landuse.shp)
• Choose soil types suitable for development (i.e. suit >=
2 in soils.shp)
• Site must be within 300 meters of sewer lines
– Calculate the total area of the suitable site(s).
Comparison of several
opensource gis softwares
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No Indicators OpenJump gvSIG QGIS 1.4.0 QGIS 1.5.0 GIS A
1 Time (minute:second) to 'Create 300mbuffer of sewers.shp'
00:02 00:03 00:01 00:01 00:02
2 Time (minute:second) to 'Unionsoils.shp and landuse.shp'
00:05 00:06 00:05 00:05 00:03
3 Time (minute:second) to 'Intersectresult of step 1 (buffer) and step 2(union)'
00:06 00:03 00:03 00:02 00:03
4 Time (minute:second) to 'Dissolve finalselected polygon'
00:01 00:03 00:02 00:01 00:02
5 Number of steps required to completethe task
8 10 9 9 8
6 Total time (minute:second) to completethe task
04:09 07:31 05:15 04:04 03:47
7 Total of suitable area (m2) 48158.3 47205.8 47618.2 47618.2 48171.0
Comparison of geoprocessing operations in open source GIS and
Commercial GIS (GIS A).
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The Future for Open Source
Technologies
More accessible Internet
Adoption of open standards
Tighter integration among open source technologies
More demanding applications
Rapidly maturing and growing user and developer communities
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Summary & Conclusion
• It is possible to start GIS project with little or no cost if there is willingness to try & change in mindset.
• One possible approach is to use Opensource GIS software to minimize software licensing cost.
• Most OS GIS softwares provide at least the basic GIS functions – data capture, management, manipulation, analysis & display – sufficient to start using GIS – especially for data input.
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Summary & Conclusion
• Increasing availability of Open source GIS will
enable new users to start using GIS for free or
low-cost – suitable for developing countries
– In long-run all interested parties will have access to
GIS and able to optimise the use of digital data –
create spatially-enabled society.
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
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Acknowledgment:
This research partly benefitted from Science Fund
research grant for “The design and development of
Open Source Web-based GIS for promoting spatial
thingking/skills in secondary school education”
sponsored by MOSTI.
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Open Source GIS Training
Series
To learn more about Open Source GIS:
• GIS for All – Training on Open Source GIS, 5-7 August at USM – cost only RM600.
• Report – Opensource GIS Softwares: A Comparative Study (RM50) email: [email protected]
Geoinformation Science in Transforming Education and Research for Sustainable Tomorrow and ‘the
Bottom Billions’
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Announcement
• New Malaysia GIS Users Community
Forum setup in May 2010.
• Free and independent
• All are invited to join.
• Maintained & supported by Prof. Ruslan
& Opensource GIS Research Group,
USM.
http://gismalaysia.org/forum
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Thank you for listeningThank you for your attention