Download - Notes on Culture
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Notes on Culture
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I. Culture
• 1. Consists of the values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow and the material goods they create.
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2. Composed of material and non material
• a. Material: all things humans make and use• b. Nonmaterial: totality of
knowledge, beliefs, values, and rules for appropriate behaviors.
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• c. Norms: rules of behavior agreed and shared within culture that prescribes limits to behavior.
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II. 2 types of Norm violations.
• 1. Mores: strong norms based on values/morals of the culture.
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• 2. Folkways: informal, loosely enforced rules and traditions.
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• 3. Sanctions: formal and informal reactions to the breaking of norms
• Formal- Written, documented sanctions• Informal- Not written
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III. Cultural Variation-Material culture changes much faster than a non material culture.
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• 1. Change occurs due to borrowing.• 2. Change also occurs due to invention.• 3. Cultural diffusion-spreading of cultural traits.
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• IV. 1. Ethnocentrism- judging another culture based on your own customs and values.
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Avoid by using- cultural relativism: judge an action by their own cultural standards.
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• 2. Universals of culture-elements of culture that can be found in ALL cultures; examples include: rites of passage, incest taboo, division of labor, ideologies
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3. Culture shock-experiencing a new culture for the first time.
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V. Subcultures-groups within a bigger culture with shared norms, etc.
• Ethnic Occupational Political• Religious Deviant• Social class Geographic
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VI. Art forms and pastimes
• 1. Art forms-physical manifestations/symbols of culture.
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• 2. Pastimes-what people do when they are not working, recreation, do not have to do it.
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