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NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO
CELLS
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NOTES – CELL DISCOVERY
• History of Cells
• Robert Hooke: uses microscope to look at cork - called the chambers he saw “cells”
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek: first to find microscopic living organisms
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• Mattias Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
• Theodor Schwann: all animals are made of cells
• Rudolf Virchow: all cells come from pre-existing cells
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• CELL THEORY: 3 parts 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
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2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of living organisms
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3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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• CELL TYPES: 2 basic kinds
1. PROKARYOTES
• grouping is based on internal structures called ORGANELLES
• both kinds have a plasma membrane (outer covering)
• do not have internal organelles – only some DNA, ribosomes floating in cytoplasm – EX: bacteria
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2. Eukaryotes • has internal organelles surrounded by a membrane
• EX: typical animal or plant cell
Eukaryote Prokaryote
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THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
• Plasma Membrane (CELL MEMBRANE)
• boundary between the cell and its environment
• 2 Functions 1. Separate & protect the cell from its environment
2. regulates what enters & leaves the cell
• the process of maintaining the cells environment is called: HOMEOSTASIS
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• Selective Permeability
• the membrane allows certain molecules in while keeping other molecules out
• allows the cell to maintain homeostasis
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
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• Cell Membrane Structure
• Most molecules of the cell membrane are lipids
• When a phosphate group replaces a fatty acid a PHOSPHOLIPID forms
• Each phospholipid has a head with 2 tails
• Head – attracts water• Tail – repels water
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• membrane is called a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
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• phosphate + lipid keeps water out & in
• only certain molecules are allowed in or out
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• The CELL WALL is the outer boundary of a plant cell
• the cell wall is outside the cell membrane in plants
• FUNCTIONS: support & protection
• stiff/rigid structure