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NOTES: BLOOD
VESSELS –VESSELS –Arteries and
Veins
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ARTERIAL SYSTEM
Major Arteries exiting the heart:
● PULMONARY ARTERIES (from heart to lungs)
● AORTA
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AORTA:
● the aorta is the largest artery (diameter)
● the aorta can be divided into the:
*ASCENDING AORTA (as it emerges from the heart)from the heart)
*AORTIC ARCH
*DESCENDING AORTA
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Principal branches of the
AORTA:
● the major branches are the:
*CORONARY ARTERIES(branch off from the base of the ascending aorta)the ascending aorta)
*BRACHIOCEPHALIC(branch of the aortic arch)
*LEFT COMMON CAROTID(branch of the aortic arch)
*LEFT SUBCLAVIAN (branch of the aortic arch)
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Principal branches of the
AORTA:
● the descending aorta gives rise to the:
*THORACIC AORTA and
*ABDOMINAL AORTA*ABDOMINAL AORTA
● the abdominal aorta gives rise to the:
*R and L RENAL arteries (go to the kidneys)
*R and L COMMON ILIAC arteries
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Arteries to the Neck, Head, and
Brain
● the brachiocephalic artery branches into the:
R SUBCLAVIAN and
R COMMON CAROTID
● the L and R common carotid arteries diverge into the:
*EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY and *INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
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Arteries to the Shoulder and Arm
● the subclavian artery becomes the:
*AXILLARY ARTERY (wall of chest) –which becomes the:
*BRACHIAL ARTERY (upper arm) –*BRACHIAL ARTERY (upper arm) –which branches into the:
*ULNAR ARTERY (parallels the ulna) and the
*RADIAL ARTERY (parallels the radius)
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**as the radial artery nears the wrist, it approaches the surface and provides a convenient vessel for taking the “pulse” (RADIAL PULSE)
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Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs**RECALL: the abdominal aorta
branches into the R and L common iliac arteries
● each common iliac artery divides into an:artery divides into an:*INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY*EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY (main blood supply to lower limbs)
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Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs
● the external iliac artery becomes the:
*FEMORAL ARTERY – which becomes the:
*POPLITEAL ARTERY (knee joint)
● the popliteal artery divides ● the popliteal artery divides
into the:
*ANTERIOR and
POSTERIOR TIBIAL
ARTERIES
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VENOUS SYSTEM
Characteristics of Venous Pathways:
� veins return blood to the heart
� many veins are hard to follow/identify b/c they connect in irregular pathways
���� the larger veins typically parallel the ���� the larger veins typically parallel the arteries (and have the same names as their arterial counterparts)
(e.g.: renal vein parallels the renal artery; common iliac vein parallels the common iliac artery, etc.)
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Major Veins entering the heart:
● PULMONARY VEINS (from lungs to heart)
● SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and INFERIOR VENA CAVA (both drain into the R atrium)
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Veins from the Brain, Head, and Neck:
● JUGULAR VEINS:
� EXTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): drain blood
from the face, scalp, and superficial neck
-drain into the R and L SUBCLAVIAN VEINS
� INTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): larger than
external; drain blood from the brain, deep face/neck
-drain into the R and L BRACHIOCEPHALIC
VEINS
**all of these vessels then merge and give rise to the
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA ���� R atrium!
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Veins from the Arm and
Shoulder:
*veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region:
RADIAL VEIN & ULNAR VEIN ����VEIN ����
BRACHIAL VEIN ����
AXILLARY VEIN ����
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN ����
BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
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Veins from the Abdominal
Cavity:
● RENAL VEINS: drain the kidneys
● HEPATIC VEINS: ● HEPATIC VEINS: drain the liver
● carry blood to the INFERIOR VENA CAVA
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Veins from the Legs and Pelvis:
*veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region:
ANT. & POST. TIBIAL VEINS ����
POPLITEAL VEIN ����POPLITEAL VEIN ����
FEMORAL VEIN ����
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN (which joins with the INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN) ����
COMMON ILIAC VEIN
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Also from the legs…
**GREAT (GREATER) SAPHENOUS VEIN: longest vein in the body; runs upward along the runs upward along the medial side of the leg and thigh; penetrates deep into the thigh and joins with the femoral artery
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Great Saphenous
Vein