Northeast High SchoolGHSGT Junior Academy
Domain: Cells and HeredityMrs. C. Dinkins-InstructorMarch 2009
Domain 1: Cells and HeredityOverview of the Domain
Students describe the structures of cells and the structure and function of their components.
o Students examine the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Students explain the process of inheritance of genetic traits.
o Students differentiate between DNA and RNA, recognizing the role of each in heredity.
o Students demonstrate understanding of Mendel’s Laws in genetic inheritance and variability.
o Students discuss the use of DNA technology in the fields of medicine and agriculture.
Students analyze the similarities and differences between organisms of different kingdoms.
Assessment of this domain focuses on the following:
Describing the roles of cell organelles in the following:
• information feedback• motility • obtaining, storing, and
using energy • protein construction • reproduction • transport of material • waste disposal
Differentiating the functions of the macromolecules:
• carbohydrates • lipids • nucleic acids • proteins
• understanding the relationships between single-celled and multi-celled organisms, on a broad, conceptual level
• differentiating how organisms from different kingdoms obtain, transform, and transport, energy and/or material.
Inorganic vs. Organic Compounds
InorganicWaterAcids and Bases-pH
Organic
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
Water About 60-90% of an
organism is water
Water is used in most reactions in the body
Water is called the universal solvent
Water Properties
Polarity
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Acids
Taste sour Examples:
citric acid (think lemons) vinegar (5% acetic acid) carbonic acid (for carbonation of pop) stomach acid, sweat
Bases
Taste bitter Feel slippery Examples:
detergents soap household ammonia Blood (slightly)
Acids
Number of hydrogen ions in solutions is greater than water
HCl H+ + Cl-
Bases Number of hydroxide ions in solution is
greater than waterNaOH Na+ + OH-
pH Scale Compares the
concentrations of H+ ions
ranges from 0 to 14
7 is neutral (pure water)
Macromolecules
Macromolecules
Scientists of Cell Discovery and the Cell Theory
Robert Hooke Anton van Leewenhoek Robert Brown Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolph Virchow
The Cell Theory
The modern tenets of the Cell Theory include: 1. All known living things are made up of cells. 2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. (Spontaneous Generation does not occur). 4. Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.
Types of Cells
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Single-celled and Multi-celled organism
Plant vs. Animal
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Cell Organelles
http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/drag_gr11/organell.htm
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/Sbi3a1/cells/cellquiz.htm
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cellquiz.html
Cell Transport
Cell Membrane Structure Passive vs. Active Transport Homeostasis Tonicity- Isotonic, Hypertonic and
Hypotonic Solutions
Crossing the Plasma Membrane
Passive Transport
No energy needed
WITH the gradient
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
ENERGY used
AGAINST the gradient
Can be through a protein
Bulk transport and pumping
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Cellular Energy
ATP-ADP Cycle Photosynthesis Cell Respiration
Six Kingdoms