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NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH VOWEL SYSTEMS
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Subsystems of English vowels
English vowels
Short Long
Upgliding Long and ingliding
Front upgliding
Back upgliding
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THE PHONOTACTICS OF ENGLISH VOWELS
LONG VOWELSheat hate height quote hootheed hayed hide hoed who’dhe hay high hoe whoSHORT VOWELSpit pet pat pot putt putbid bead bad bod bud hood*[pɪ] *[pɛ] *[pæ] *[po] *[pʌ] *[pʊ]
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The basic condition
English words cannot end with a stressed vowel
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Phonemes of American English in broad IPA notation. (Kurath 1977: 18-19)
Checked Free
Front Back Front Central Back
/ɪ/ /ʊ/ /i/ /u/
/e/ /ʌ/ /e/ /ɜ˞/ /o/
/æ/ /ɑ/ /ɔ/
Diphthongs
/ai/
/au/
/oi/
see suesay so saw
sighsowsoy
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ANAE notation for the word classes of North American English
kid could
Ked cud
cad cod
keyed
cade coy
hide
suit cooed
code
cowed
cawed
father
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Distinctive features
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JC Wells’ word classes for American English corresponding to ANAE notation
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Representations of English vowels
iw uw
ow
aw
i u
e ʌ
æ o
iy
ey oy
ay
Short Long
UpglidingLong and ingliding
Front upgliding
Back upgliding
iɪeɛæɑɔʌoʊu
ai awoy
FLEECE KIT FACE DRESS TRAP LOT THOUGHT STRUT GOAT FOOT GOOSE PRICE MOUTH CHOICE
oh
æh ah
ih uh
eh oh
æh ah
r-less
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Organization of the long and ingliding vowels in an r-ful Mid-Atlantic dialect
front backhigh ih uh
idea skua
mid eh ohyeah law
thoughtlow æ æh ah o
calve savvy salve balm bomb have halve calm Tom
salmon almond common rather father bother
baah spa *
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Vowel sub-systems before R
ihr uhr
ehr ohr
ɔhr
ahr
beer boor
bare four
for
bar
iyrV uwrV
irV urV
eyrV
erV orV
ærV arV
nearer Jewry
mirror jury
Mary
merry Murray
marry
Coda Intervocalic
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/ohr/ /ɔhr/ /ahr/ore or arefour for farhoarse horse sparsemourning morning darningsource force farcecore corps carcored cord cardpork storm park
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JC Wells’ word classes for American English corresponding to ANAE notation
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Mean values of 14 vowels for 21 North American dialects