Download - Non-Pharmacological Methods of Pain Control
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Heat and Coldused for centuries as a treatment of pain.
Why nurse should advocate for atrial of heat or cold?
- It works well for somepatients
- it works quickly
- Adverse effects are virtuallynon-existent
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It can provide somepatients/families withinimportant sense of controlover the relief of pain.
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Rationale:
applying heat to the skin will increase blood flow and
reduce neurotransmitters, which sensitize pain nervefibers. Heat may compete for nerve transmission with
pain and therefore, in the brain there is a perception of
heat and a reduced perception of pain.
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Contraindications:Avoid use of heat in the following situations:
- any are that is bleeding
- any area with decreased feeling
-any injury within the first 24 hours
- if the person is using any menthol-
containing products(vicks,ben gay etc)
- within the site of radiation therapy while
receiving radiation-may use this area five daysafter completing treatment, provided that the
skin is not flaky, red or tender.
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Avoid use of cold in the following
situations:
-any area with poor circulation.
- within a site of radiation therapy while
receiving radiation- may use this area five days
after completing treatment, provided that the
skin is not flaky, red or tender.
- on a wound in the healing phase.
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Relaxation and Imagery:
appropriate for almost any type of pain with a goal
of reducing muscle tension and anxiety. Patient maybenefit from simple relaxation centered on slow ,deep
breathing. Progressive muscle relaxation in which patient
uses isometric exercise to systematically relax muscles
from head to foot may also be helpful.
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Caution should be used in in using relaxation and imagerytechniques in patients who are either:
- confused
- drowsy
- have a poor grasp of the language of the relaxation
therapist.
- Have a previous history of significant psychiatric
history, such as having hallucinations.
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Distraction
the idea is to divert the attention by actively
involving the patient in the performance of a
distracting task that is interesting and more pleasantthan the painful procedure.
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Other Therapies
recognize that the complementary
therapies such as therapeutic touch, massage,
reflexology, Reiki and aromatherapy, including
acupuncture acupressure may be useful non-
pharmacological adjuncts to pain management.
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These modalities can be administered by
individuals with training in their application.
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Recommendations:Combine pharmacological methods with non-
pharmacological methods to achieve effectivepain management.
Non-pharmacological methods of treatment
should not be used to substitute for adequatepharmacological management.
The selection of non-pharmacological methods of
treatment should be based on individual
preference and the goal of treatment.
Any potential contraindications to non-
pharmacological methods should be considered
prior to application.
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Thank you very much!