Download - Non-Conventional Energy Sources
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Environmental Aspect of Energy
Degradation of Air, Water and Soil
Main reasons Energy generation and its utilisation Conversion losses, by products
Trade-off has to be established between energy and environment.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Environmental Aspect of Energy
Ecology Greenhouse effect Consequences of global warming Pollution
- Indoor
-Outdoor
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy-Economy-Energy and Sustainable Development
The strategy for mitigating three Es issues is – Sustainable economic development.
Herman Daly: Ecological economist1. The consumption rate of renewable resources is
not higher than its recovery rate.2. The consumption rate of non-renewable resources
is not higher than the rate of increase in renewable resource supply.
3. The emission of pollutants is within the absorption capacity of the environment.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status
In 2008 the annual primary energy consumption of the world is 500 exajoules or 138.8 x 10 to the power 12 KWH or 1.5 x 10 to the power 7 MW.
Fossil power provides 90 % of total. 25 % (approx.) of this energy used in transportation 75% in industries, domestic, agriculture and social
consumers. Growth forecast: 2.2 % during 2004-2030. 70% of this will come from developing countries.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Conventional Resources Fossil fuels
North America: 19.81%Russia: 23.77%Middle East: 17.88%China: 8.57%Australia and East Asia: 7.71%India: 6.85%Africa: 6.75%Europe: 5.03%
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Hydro Resources: 7,78,038 MW or 20 % of total electric power generation capacity.
Industrialized countries: 66% Developing countries: 34%
China: 1,00,000 MWUSA: 77,350 MWCanada: 71,978 MWBrazil : 71,060 MWRussia: 45,000 MW
Norway derives 90% of total power from hydro resources.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Nuclear Resources(2008): 439 plants, 371,989 MW or 16 % of world’s electricity.
France produces 78% of total power from this. EU around 30% of total electricity. By 2050 AD FBR will be the main source of power By 2500 AD , Nuclear Fusion will be main source of
power
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources
1. Solar Energy: earth continuously intercepts solar power of 178 billion MW, which is 10,000 times more than world’s demand.
2. Solar PV is expensive at present
3. Capital cost is Rs.20 crore/MW while that of thermal plant is Rs.4 crore/MW
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Wind energy( 1.6 x 10 to the power 7 MW)
1. Cheapest renewable energy source at present.
2. Installation cost Rs.4 crore/MW
3. World wide installation: 94,100 MW or 1 % of total electricity generated.
4. 19% of total electricity in Denmark.
5. Germany is the world leader: 22,247 MW
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Biomass energy
1. Trees( wood, leaves and forest industry wastes)
2. Cultivated plants grown for energy
3. Algae and other vegetations from oceans and lakes
4. Urban wastes ( municipal and industrial wastes)
5. Rural wastes ( agricultural and animal wastes, crop residues, etc )
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Geothermal energy( 2005) 8,932 MW electrical
power and 28,266 MW of direct thermal energy use. Growth 3% for electricity and 7.5% for thermal use Hawai produces 25 % total electricity from this Oldest plant at Lordarello in Italy(460 MW)
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Ocean tidal energy
The first and biggest plant at the mouth of La Rance River in France ( 240 MW)
More predictable than solar and wind energy
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Ocean wave energy
-First and biggest plant is at Portugal (2250 MW)
-50 KW per meter of shoreline potential
- 50,000 MW potential
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends
Non-Conventional Sources Ocean thermal energy conversion Potential is more than that of tidal or wave
energy. Is in infant stage.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Per capita energy consumption in India is 702 KWH while that of world average is 2600 KWH (2007)
Sector wise energy consumption
Industry 49%
Transport 22%
Residential 10%
Agriculture 5%
Others 14%
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Electrical Power generation(2008)Thermal
Coal 76648 MW 52.8 %
Gas 14716 MW 10 %Diesel 1199 MW 0.8 %
Nuclear 4120 MW 2.8 %Hydro 36033 MW 24.8 %Renewable 12194 MW 8.4 %Total 1,44,910 MW
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Conventional Sources Fossil fuel: 4th largest producer of coal. Recoverable coal: 90 billion tonnes ( 10% of world
reserve) 0.6 % of oil & gas reserve Oil & gas account for 40 % of total energy
consumption 35 % of oil is domestically produced. Crude oil reserve will last for 22 years at present rate
of consumption and natural gas will last 30 years.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Conventional Sources Hydro Resources potential capacity : 1,00,000 MW Developed capacity: 36,033 MW Seventh largest producer
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Conventional Sources Nuclear Resources
- 20,000 MW by 2020.
- stage1,2,3
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources
- potential : 1,00,000 MW
- Share to become 10 % by 2012.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Wind energy
- Growth 35 % in last three years
- Fourth position in the world( after Germany, USA and Spain)
- Current installation: 8,696 MW
- Target 10,000 MW by 2012
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Solar energy
-India receives 5,000 trillion KWH per year solar energy.- daily global radiation is around 5 KWH per sq.m per day.-Use for heating and direct generation of electricity.
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Biomass energy
-Potential 16,881 MW from agro residues, 5,000 MW from bagasse through cogeneration and 2700 MW from urban wastes.
- Bio-diesel
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Small hydro resources( less than 25 MW)
- total potential : 15,000 MW
- Developed : 2,015 MW ( 611 plants)
- Mini: less than 1 MW
- Micro: less than 100 KW
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Geothermal Energy
- Potential : 10,000 MW
- 340 hot springs have been identified.
- 300 KW plant at Chattisgarh
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Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack
Energy Scenario in India
Non-Conventional Sources Ocean Tidal energy
- Potential : 9,000 MW Ocean wave and OTEC Resources
- A 150 KW pilot plant in operation near Thiruvananthapuram.- Potential : 0.02 MW/m of wavefront.
Fuel Cell and Hydrogen energy