Download - Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol
![Page 1: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
1
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY:
INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEWBy
Dr. M. Anthony David, MD
Professor of Physiology
![Page 2: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
2
A DIVIDED HUMANKIND
MALE FEMALE
![Page 3: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
3
WHY THE DIVISION? SRY
SPEG
S Region of the Sex Chromosome Y
A Single Pair Of Endocrine Glands
Testes or Ovaries!
![Page 4: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
4
ARE MEN AND WOMEN THE SAME?
MEN ARE FROM MARS
WOMEN ARE FROM VENUS
THEY MET ON PLANET EARTH!
- John Gray
![Page 5: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
5
GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION
MEIOSIS MEIOSIS
44XX
44XX
44XY
22X
22X
22Y
22X
22X
22X
22 XPolar Bodies
22 XPolar Bodies
44XX
44XY
FEMALE
MALE
OVA SPERMS22 X
22 X
22 Y
22 Y
ZYGOTES
![Page 6: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
6
SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT
ZYGOTE
BIPOTENTIALPRIMORDIA
22X
22X
44XY 44
XX
MIS
T
FEMALE INTGENITALIA
DHTMALEINT & EXT
GENITALIA
T
FEMALE INTGENITALIA
MALE
FEMALE
EMBRYONALGONADS
22 Y 22 X
![Page 7: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
7
SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT
ADULTGONADSTESTIS
OVARY
DHT ESTROGENS
SECONDARYSEXUAL
CHARACTERISTICS
![Page 8: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
8
GONADAL DEVELOPMENT
CORTEX MEDULLA
INDIFFERENT GONAD
TESTIS OVARY
PRIMORDIALGONAD
Effect of SRY
BYDEFAULT
![Page 9: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
9
DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA
INDIFFERENT STAGE
VII – VIIIth WEEK OF INTRA UTERINE LIFE: differentiation begins
XIIth WEEK OF I.U.L: Differentiation becomes clear.
![Page 10: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
10
GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION ABERRATIONS
MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION:TURNER’S SYNDROME OR GONADAL
DYSGENESIS: GENOME: 44 XOSUPERFEMALE:? NORMAL: 44 XXXKLINE FELTER’S SYNDROME:
SEMENIFEROUS TUBULE DYSGENESIS: 44 XXY
LETHAL: 44 YO
![Page 11: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
11
MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 1
44XX
22XX
220
22 X
44XO
22 X
44XXX
TURNER’S SYNDROME
SUPERFEMALE
![Page 12: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
12
MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 2
44XX
220
22XX
22 Y
22 Y
44YO
44XXY
LETHAL: NOTCOMPATIBLEWITH LIFE
KLINE FELTERSSYNDROME
![Page 13: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
13
HERMAPHRODITISM
TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM:XX/XY MOSAICISMHAS BOTH OVARIES & TESTES
PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITISM:GENETIC FEMALES WITH MALE
EXT.GENITALIA: ENLARGED CLITORISGENETIC MALES WITH FEMALE EXT.
GENITALIA
![Page 14: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
14
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : an Overview:
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : Basics
OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY FETAL PHYSIOLOGY
![Page 15: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
15
PHYSIOLOGY OF PARTURITION PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CONTRACEPTIVE PHYSIOLOGY ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
PHYSIOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
![Page 16: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
16
TIME
FOR A BREAK
![Page 17: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
17
BACK TO LEARNING…
![Page 18: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
18
OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY
ByDr.M.Anthony David MDProfessor of Physiology
![Page 19: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
19
THE JOURNEY OF THE PRIMORDIAL OVARIAN FOLLICLES
7,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
30,000
500
2, or 3
1
IUL: PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLESATRESIA, LOSS
AT BIRTH OF THE GIRL: NEONATE50% ATRESIA
INFANCY: 0 – 1 YearATRESIA
AT PUBERTYATRESIA
CHOSEN TO BE STIMULATEDBETWEEN 15 – 45 Years
COMPLETE THE II MEIOTIC DIVISION IN THE LIFETIME
RESULTS IN YOU!
![Page 20: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
20
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOU ARE ONE IN SEVEN MILLION!
![Page 21: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
21
OOGENESIS: FETAL LIFE
BEGINS IN FETAL LIFE OOGONIA ARE THE PRIMORDIAL CELLS
WHICH DIVIDE AGAIN AND AGAIN. THEY ARE ALL DIPLOID ALL THE DIVISIONS IN THIS PHASE ARE
MITOTIC. THE FINAL DIVISION, THE IST MEIOTIC ONE,
BEGINS IN THE PRIMARY OOCYTE
![Page 22: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
22
OOGENESIS IN THE CHILDHOOD
THE PRIMARY OOCYTES CONTINUE THEIR MEIOTIC DIVISION THROUGH THE CHILDHOOD.
THEY COMPLETE THEIR FIRST PHASE OF MEIOTIC OR REDUCTION DIVISION AT OVULATION.
![Page 23: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
23
OOGENESIS AT PUBERTY
THE PRIMARY OOCYTE COMPLETES ITS FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION.
ONE SECONDARY OOCYTE AND THE FIRST POLAR BODY ARE FORMED.
![Page 24: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
24
OOGENESIS: COMPLETION AT FERTILIZATION
THE PROCESS OF OOGENSIS IS COMPLETED AT FERTILIZATION.
THE SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION IS COMPLETED AFTER FERTILIZATION
A HAPLOID OVUM AND POLAR BODIES ARE FORMED.
THIS OVUM MAY TAKE PART IN FERTILIZATION
![Page 25: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
25
OOGENESIS: A SCHEMA
![Page 26: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
26
FOLLICULAR GROWTH
THE FOLLICLES GROW ALONG WITH THE OVA IN THE OVARY.
THE STAGES OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH ARE:PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLEVESICULAR FOLLICLEMATURE FOLLICLE (Graafian Follicle)
![Page 27: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
27
MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE THE OOCYTE IS ENVELOPED BY
GRANULOSA CELLS: THECA GRANULOSA THERE IS AN ANTRUM FILLED WITH FLUID
IN THE GRANULOSA CELLS A STALK: CUMULUS OOPHORUS ATTACHES
TO THE OOCYTE AROUND THE GRANULOSA CELLS ARE THE
THECA CELLS THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS ABOUT 1.5 cms.
IN DIAMETER
![Page 28: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
28
A MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE
![Page 29: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
29
GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE TO CORPUS LUTEUM
FROM THE MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE, THE OVUM IS RELEASED.
THIS IS THE PROCESS OF OVULATION, THE CENTRAL EVENT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
THE FOLLICLE WHICH IS EMPTY OF THE OVUM DEVELOPS INTO THE CORPUS LUTEUM.
![Page 30: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
30
GROWTH OF AN OVARIAN FOLLICLE
![Page 31: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
31
FUNCTIONS OF ESTROGENS
ON GENITALIA: THEY INCREASE:BLOOD SUPPLY OF UTERUSTHE UTERINE MYOMETRIUMGROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES
ON BEHAVIOUR: INCREASE LIBIDO: THE SEX DRIVE
ON SODIUM & WATER:CAUSES RETENTION
![Page 32: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
32
SYNTHETIC FORMS OF ESTROGENS
DIETHYL ESTRADIOL DIETHYL STILBESTEROL CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY INDICATED IN CASES OF POLYCYSTIC
OVARIAN DISEASE AND OTHER DISEASES.
![Page 33: Nomad : Repintro&Ovarian physiol](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061105/543e2e4cb1af9f2b2b8b47d4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW
33