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ETHNIC GEOGRAPHY
Chapter Outline California State University,
Northridge
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Introduction
• How do you define “ethnic”? • How does one become “ethnic”? (birth-
migration) • The census is partly responsible for
creating ethnic identities • Host Culture • What does “race” mean then? • What does “nationality” mean?
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Geography matters
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Place Makes Race
• If there was not the friction of distance, races and ethnicities would not develop.
• Without spatially enforced separation erosion of ethnicity and racial identity occurs.
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Maintaining Ethnicity
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The Good and The Bad
• Keep alive cultural traditions and maintain group cohesion
• Family, kinship, courtship, friendship • Recreation, political power, business • Suspicion, distrust, clannishness and
violence
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Q: According to lecture, scientific evidence now suggests which of the
following is not a valid method of grouping people:
• A. Ethnicity • B. Race • C. Nationality • D. Religion
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Merge now...
• Acculturation -adoption of enough host culture ways to blend in economically and socially
• Assimilation - complete blending and loss of distinctive ethnic traits. – Marriage the most effective assimilative
tool • Groups may choose not to assimilate • Groups may not be permitted to
assimilate.
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Chinatown (fig)
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Ethnic Regions
• Ethnic Groups arrange themselves or are arranged in a variety of patterns on the landscape that can be mapped.
• They may be large, covering many states as “ethnic homelands”
• They may be small, comprising just few blocks as an ethnic neighborhood or ghetto.
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American Ethnic Regions (fig)
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Ethnic Homelands (fig)
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Francophone Louisiana (fig)
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Ethnic Islands
• Much smaller than a “homeland” • May be only a county or town • Often rural • All over the upper Midwest
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Midwestern Ethnic Island
(fig)
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Ethnic Island Landscapes (fig)
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Ethnic Substrate
• Is akin to an extinct ethnic homeland or a huge assimilated ethnic island.
• The German feel to the upper Midwest is an example.
• No one really seems too German, but there is a lot of beer and brats.
• Why would such a place die out?
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Q: More Americans self-report this as their ethnic heritage than
any other:
• A. English • B. French • C. Mexican • D. German
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Ethnic Neighborhoods and Ghettos
• Ghetto vs. Ethnic Neighborhood • Ancient history and globality • Difficulties with definition • Slums vs. ghetto • Discriminatory housing practices include
redlining, steering and block busting • Suburban Ghettos?
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Ethnicities in Los Angeles
• Whites are now a minority-majority in Los Angeles at 40% of the population and inhabit the edges.
• Blacks in South LA • Latinos in East LA • Asians are scattered
in various locations
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Black Ghettos • The most well known of American ghettos are
reserved for African Americans • The oldest are in the Deep South and are
characterized by close integration among whites and blacks – “Early Southern”
• After the Civil War, the “Classic Southern” version evolves and is more segregated and features the “across the tracks” ghetto
• Northern ghettos are concentrated near the Central Business District in the “inner city”.
• Western ghettos generally trend along a transportation corridor.
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Black Migration
• Though the South still has many blacks, millions left.
• Why? • Clarksdale,
Miss. • Route 61 • Chicago
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Black Ghetto Typology (fig)
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Detroit (fig)
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Charlotte (fig)
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Houston (fig)
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Why live in a ghetto?
• Support • Defense and Safety • Preservation • Attack
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Who are our “Ethnics”?
• In 1840s- Germans, Chinese and Irish came in large numbers
• Italians, Poles, and Eastern European Jews came in the latter half of the 19thc
• Intra-American migration brought Blacks and hillbillies into the city
• Later still: Puerto Ricans and other Latin Americans, Koreans, Chinese, Vietnamese, etc.
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Cities have Ethnic “specialties”
New York and ____________ Miami and _____________ DC and ___________________ Providence and __________________ Boston and _______________
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Little Havana
(fig)
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There goes the neighborhood…
Most ethnic neighborhoods grow and change. Eventually they lose their character and acquire a new one.
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Invasion Succession (fig)
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We’re not the only ones… • Each country has a different ethnic mix. It is
what makes for the national character of a country.
• One of the main reasons that the United States, Canada and Mexico are different is our different ethnic mixes.
• There are also different emphases on acculturation.
• Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl • Canadian cooking?
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Cultural Diffusion and Ethnicity
• Migration is what makes many “ethnic” – chain migration – channelized migration – return migration
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Chain Migration (fig)
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Ethnic Ecology
• Cultural Preadaptation • Ethnic Environmental Perception
– maladaptation • Doctrine of First Effective Settlement
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Q: Where is the largest source of migrants to the California
today? • A. Latin America • B. Europe • C. Asia • D. Africa
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Ethnic Ecology (fig)
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Ethnicity and Business Activity
• Different groups have different levels of entrepreneurial spirit.
• Some groups who remain poor are not necessarily lazy, but may not prioritize life toward business
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Ethnicity and Business or Morality? (fig)
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Ethnicity and Type of Employment
Ethnicities often specialize in a handful of business practices.
• Irish and __________ • Chinese and __________ • Koreans and ____________ • Italians and _____________ • Jews and ____________ • others?
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Ethnicity and Employment (fig)
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Ethnic Food Regions (fig)
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Ethnicity and Disease (fig)
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Ethnic Landscapes
• There are a great variety of clues to the ethnicity (current or vestigal) of any location
• Houses, cemetery markers, recreational amenities
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Ethnic Settlement Patterns
• The layout of towns and villages often recall an ethnic past or present
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Germanic Landscape Values (fig)
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German or Scots-Irish? (fig)
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Urban Ethnic Landscapes
• Some of the easiest places to see these items is in the city, but frequently you can be fooled because of the rapid ethnic turnover of cities.
• Sal’s Pizzeria • Water Street • Color preferences
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Urban Ethnic Landscapes (fig)
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Hispanic Mural (fig)
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We’re Proud of Our Heritage...
• Please Spend lots of money in our quaint overpriced shoppes.