![Page 2: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH)RESEARCH RESOURCES IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Mukesh Verma, Ph.D.Chief
Methods and Technologies BranchProgram Director, Epidemiology and Genomics
Research ProgramDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
National Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)
![Page 3: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Outline
• NIH: Mission and Organization• Different Institutes • National Cancer Institute: an Example• Cancer Prevention and Other Research Priorities at the NCI• Grants: Review Process • Guidelines for Students: Who Would Apply for Funding• RePORT, eRA Commons• Solicited and Unsolicited Grant Applications• Job Opportunities, Fellowships at NIH
![Page 4: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
National Institutes of Health www.nih.gov
• NIH is the nation's medical research agency – making important medical discoveries that improve health and save lives.
• The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research.
![Page 5: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
www.nih.gov
![Page 6: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
![Page 7: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
National Cancer Institute
![Page 8: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Search Engine
![Page 9: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
![Page 10: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
![Page 11: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
The NIH invests over $30 billion annually in medical research for the American people.
More than 80% of the NIH’s funding is awarded through almost 50,000 competitive grants to more than 212,000 researchers at over 2,800 universities, medical schools, and other research institutions in every state and around the world.
About 10% of the NIH’s budget supports projects conducted by nearly 6,000 scientists in its own laboratories, most of which are on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland.
NIH Budget
![Page 13: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
The NCI Budget Emphasizes Extramural Research
NCI Budget > $4B per year
![Page 14: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• 854 DCCPS grants, totaling over $350M
• 239 competing awards funded in FY 2008 – New R01s = 108– New R21s = 48– New R03s = 53 – All other competing awards = 30
Budget of DCCPS
![Page 16: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Breakdown of Budget
![Page 17: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Funding research• NIH supports external research in 3 ways:
– Grant: Investigator decides the research design and approach
– Contract: Government decides the research scope to fill need and establishes detailed requirements
– Cooperative Agreement: Similar to grant, BUT both awarding Institute/Center and recipient have substantial involvement in design and conduct of the research
![Page 18: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Different Types of Grants
• Small Grants (R03)• Exploratory Grants (R21)• Investigator Initiated Grants (R01)• Program Project Grants (P01)• Cooperative Agreements (U01)• SBIR/STTR (R41/R42/R43/R44)
Grants.govCancer.gov
Multiple PI Mechanism is Applicable in All
![Page 19: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
DP1 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (NDPA)DP2 NIH Director’s New Innovator AwardsDP3 Type 1 Diabetes Targeted Research AwardDP4 NIH Director’s Pathfinder Award- Multi-Yr FundingDP5/UP5 Early Independence Award/Cooperative Agreement
Other Types of Mechanisms
P01/PL1 Program Project Grant/Linked Program ProjectP20 Exploratory GrantsP30 Center Core GrantsP40 Animal (Mammalian and Nonmammalian) Model, and Animal and Biological Material Resource GrantsP41 Biotechnology Resource GrantsP50 Specialized Center
![Page 20: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
CSR
http://cms.csr.nih.gov/ResourcesforApplicants/InsidetheNIHGrantReviewProcessVideo.htm
Video of the Review Process:
1-3 Months Submission and assignment
4-6 Months Review and Summary Statement
7-9 Months Human Sub etc and Award
1-3 Months Submission and assignment
4-6 Months Review and Summary Statement
7-9 Months Human Sub etc and Award
Grant Review Process
Major Steps
![Page 21: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Overall Timeframe from Submission to Award
There are three overlapping cycles per year :
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
Review Council
Cycle 1Receipt
Referral Award
Review Council
Cycle 3ReceiptReferral Award
Review CouncilCycle 2
ReceiptAwardReferral
![Page 22: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
![Page 24: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
![Page 25: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Training and FellowshipGrants (T and F Series)
![Page 26: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Cancer Training Grants—K Awards
• Career Development Awards– K07: Cancer Prevention, Control, Behavioral,
and Population Sciences Career Development Award
– K22: NCI Transition Career Development Award
– K23: Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award
– K24: Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research
– K99/R00: NIH Pathway to Independence Award
![Page 27: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
![Page 28: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
https://commons.era.nih.gov/commons
![Page 29: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Registered Organizations
![Page 30: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
![Page 31: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
![Page 32: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
![Page 33: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
![Page 34: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Pancreatic Cancer
![Page 35: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
![Page 36: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
![Page 37: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
DIRECTORY NIH https://ned.nih.gov/search/search.aspx
![Page 38: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
![Page 39: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
![Page 40: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Jobs at NIH
http://www.jobs.nih.gov/
![Page 41: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Research Training
![Page 42: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Summer Training
Student
Postdoctoral
http://www.training.nih.gov/
![Page 43: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
NCI Strategic PrioritiesSetting Course for Accelerated Progress
• Molecular Epidemiology: Understanding Causes of Cancer
• Early Detection, Prevention, Prediction
• Integrative Cancer Biology
• Strategic Development of Cancer Interventions
• Integrated Clinical Trials System
• Overcoming Health Disparities
• Bioinformatics
![Page 44: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
THE CANCER CONTROL CONTINUUM
Prevention
Focus
• Tobacco Control• Diet• Physical Activity• Sun Exposure• Virus Exposure• Alcohol Use• Chemoprevention
Detection• Pap Test• Mammography• FOBT• Endoscopy• PSA Informed
Decision Making
Treatment• Health Services
and Outcomes Research
• Clinical Trials
Survivorship• Palliation• Coping• Health Promotion
Diagnosis• Informed
Decision Making
• Clinical Follow-up
• Imaging
Cross Cutting Issues
• Communications• Surveillance• Social Determinants and Health Disparities• Genetic Testing• Decision Making• Evidence Based Healthcare• Quality of Cancer Care• Epidemiology
![Page 45: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
http://www3.cancer.gov/prevention/
![Page 46: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
http://camp.nci.nih.gov/dccps/
![Page 47: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program (EGRP)
EGRP manages a comprehensive program of grant-supported, population-based research that brings to bear the expertise of scientists to increase our understanding of cancer etiology and prevention. Scientists from throughout the United States and internationally are supported.
EGRP
Epigenetic Factors
![Page 48: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
MRFB and CTEB
Modifiable Risk Factors Branch
Supports research into factors that may be modifiable, such as diet and nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and energy balance, tobacco, infectious diseases, physical and chemical agents, and medical exposures.
Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch
Supports research into clinical factors that influence development of cancer among persons with underlying diseases and conditions; the progression, recurrence, and mortality from cancer; and new primary cancers.
![Page 49: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
HSFB and MTB
Host Susceptibility Factors Branch
Supports research on personal susceptibility factors such as genetic, epigenetic, immunological and hormonal biological pathways, and social, cultural and race/ethnic factors.
Methods and Technologies Branch
Supports research into methods addressing epidemiologic data collection, study design and analysis, and to modify technological approaches developed in the context of other research endeavors for use as biomarkers and methods to understand cancer susceptibility.
![Page 50: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Special Populations in EGRP
African-American men & women
South American women
Asian-American & Asian men & women
Latin-American/Hispanics
African men & women
Alaskan & Hawaiian Natives
Middle-Eastern populations
American-Indian, incl. Navajo
Rural South
![Page 51: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
EGRP Studies Are Everywhere
• Senegal
• Malawi
• The Zambia
• China
• Japan
• Egypt
• Israel
• Brazil
• Colombia
• England
• Canada• Sweden• Denmark• France• Costa Rica• Singapore• Poland• U.S., including Alaska
& Hawaii
2.3 Million SubjectsCohorts, CGN and Family Registries
![Page 52: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Cohort Consortium (CoCo)
• 37 cohorts, over 4 million individuals
• Membership: cohort studies worldwide with >10,000 subjects, blood samples and questionnaire data on important cancer risk factors
• The Cohort Consortium was formed by NCI to address the need for large-scale collaborations for
– Rapid identification and confirmation of common polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility (GWAS)
– Studies of GxG and GxE interactions in the etiology of cancer.
![Page 53: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Tw o in te r n a tio n a l C a n c e r Fa m ily R e g is tr ie s (C F R s ) p ro v id e a n in fra -s tru c tu re fo r in te rd is c ip lin a r y re s e a rc h in th e g e n e tic s a n d e p id e m io lo g y o f b re a s t/o va r ia n a n d c o lo n c a n c e r. E a c h o f th e C F R s h a s e p id e m io lo g ic , fa m ily h is to r y, c lin ic a l d a ta , a n d b io s p e c im e n s o n m o re th e 6 ,0 0 0 fa m ilie s , a m o n g w h o m th e re is a h is to r y o f b re a s t a n d /o r o va r ia n c a n c e r o r c o lo n c a n c e r.C F R s s u p p o r t c o lla b o ra tive in ve s tig a t io n s o n :Id e n t if ic a t io n o f n o ve l c a n c e r s u s c e p tib ility g e n e s th ro u g h lin k a g e a n d a s s o c ia tio n s tu d ie sC h a ra c te r iz a t io n o f k n o w n c a n c e r s u s c e p t ib ility g e n e s , in c lu d in g p o p u la t io n fre q u e n c y, p e n e tra n c e , a n d g e n o ty p e -p h e n o ty p e c o rre la tio n sS tu d y o f g e n e -g e n e a n d g e n e -e n v iro n m e n t in te ra c tio n s in b re a s t, o va r ia n , a n d c o lo re c ta l e tio lo g yC o o p e ra tive re s e a rc h o n th e tra n s la t io n a l, p reve n tive , b e h a v io ra l, a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n a s p e c ts o f s u c h fin d in g sH e a lth p o lic y a n d p u b lic h e a lth re s e a rc h .T h e y a ls o p a r tic ip a te in p reve n t io n a n d a s s e s s m e n t s tu d ie s b y id e n tify in g a n d re fe rr in g h ig h -r is k p o p u la t io n s .
BC-CFR Participating Sites
![Page 54: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Multi-disciplinary Research in the BC-CFR: a Population Laboratory
http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/CFR/
Currently accrued a cohort of over 20,000 patients and their families across the spectrum of risk for breast and colon cancers and population-based or relative controls
![Page 55: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
EGRP: 418 fundedVerma: 57 funded (31 pending)
![Page 56: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Epigenetic alterations – changes induced in cells that alter expression of the information on transcriptional, translational, or post-translational levels without change in DNA sequence
EPIGENETICS
SAM SAH
DNMT1DNMT3aDNMT3b
Methylation of DNA
Modifications of histones
RNA-mediated modifications
• RNA-directed DNA methylation• RNA-interference mediated
chromatin remodeling• RNAi, siRNA, miRNA …
A
Me
P
U
- acetylation
- methylation
- phosphorylation
- ubiquitination
P UMe
A
Control Treated-3.0 3.00
![Page 57: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Map of the Human Mitochondrial DNAD-loop
OL
OH
Cyt b
ND6
ND5
ND4
ND4L
ND3
COXIII
ATP6ATP8COXII
COXI
ND2
ND1
16SrRNA
12SrRNA
ProstatePancreaticColorectal
Thyroid
PancreaticThyroid
PancreaticProstate
ColorectalColorectalPancreatic
ThyroidPancreatic
Thyroid
BladderColorectalPancreatic
OvarianThyroid
ColorectalPancreatic
Thyroid
PancreaticThyroid
BreastColorectalProstateThyroid
BreastHead and
NeckThyroid
Pancreatic
MeduloblastomaThyroid
Colorectal
BladderPancreatic
Thyroid
All cancers examined to date
mtDNA16.6 kb
BreastOvarian
ColorectalPancreatic
ThyroidProstate
OvarianColorectalPancreatic
Thyroid
![Page 58: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
D-loop
Cyt b
ND6
ND5
ND4
ND4L
ND3
COXIIIATP6
ATP8COXII
COXI
ND2
ND1
16SrRNA
12SrRNA
mtDNA16.6 kb
F
V
L
IMQ
WANCY
DS K
G
R
SL
H
E
TP
A12308GProstate (OR=2.0)Renal (OR=2.5)
G10398ABreast (OR=1.6)Prostate (OR=19.8)
T4216C
SNP InteractionBreast (OR=3.1)African-Americans
Caucasians
African-Americans
Singh (2007) In: Cancer Epidemiology (Verma, M, ed.). Humana Press.
Epidemiologyand mtDNA
![Page 60: NIH … Turning Discovery Into Health vermam@mail.nih.gov 1](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081520/5697bf8b1a28abf838c8b566/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
Questions?