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1R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Next- or Net- Generation Learning Spaces?
Mode 3 Learning: The Campus as Thirdspace
Dr Kenn Fisher
Associate Professor, University of Melbourne
Senior Research Scholar, University of South Australia
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Outline
• Learning Modalities
- NetGen students
- Collaborative pedagogies
- Learning modalities
• Aligning pedagogy & space
- Linking pedagogy & space
- Collaborative learning environments
- Emerging concepts
• Learning Communities
- Social construction of knowledge
- The campus as network of nodes
- Learning hubs & learning commons
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Outline
• Learning Modalities
- NetGen students
- Collaborative pedagogies
- Learning modalities
• Aligning pedagogy & space
- Linking pedagogy & space
- Collaborative learning environments
- Emerging concepts
• Learning Communities
- Social construction of knowledge
- The campus as network of nodes
- Learning hubs & learning commons
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Balance Explicit Teaching & Independent Learning
Teacher Centred
• Content focussed
• Memory
• Rote learning
• Individual testing /
competitive
• Problems not ‘real’
• Set tasks
• Within discipline
• Rigid timetables &
supervision
Assessment
• Written exam
• Oral exam
Learner Centred
• Process focussed – learn to learn
• Critical thinking
• Ability to communicate
• Ability to work in teams /
collaborate
• ‘Authentic’ problem solving
• Project based learning
• Cross disciplinary learning
• Ability to self organise/self-
directed
Assessment by a range of means
• Continuous
• Group
• Exam
• Online
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
How People Learn - Bransford et al 2000
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Learning Environment Principles - Bransford et al 2000
• Learner Centred
– consider cultural differences &
constructivist approaches
• Knowledge Centred
– attention to what is taught (information,
subject matter), why it is taught
(understanding), and what competence
or mastery looks like
• Assessment Centred
– students’ thinking visible to both
teachers & student - formative
assessments help both to monitor
progress
• Community Centred
– learning is influenced by context -
development of norms for the classroom
as well as connections to the outside
world, that support core learning values
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Graduate Attributes
UofSydney
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Adult learners:
• Bring widespread & relevant experience to the learning situation
• Need to understand the relevance of what they are learning
• Learn most effectively when learning meets an immediate need
• Expect to be treated as an autonomous individual
Adult learning experience should be:
• Based on the learner’s own self-analysis of learning needs
• Allow the learner to draw upon existing knowledge and skills
• Self-directed
• Active (whenever possible)
• Occur a suitable & comfortable physical environment
• Empathetic to the learner’s identity –trusting relationship
• Focus on the resolution of problems
Adult Learning
‘Andragogy’ - continuing education, professional development & workplace-
based training (Knowles, 1983; 1990)
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Garrison & Anderson 2003
The ‘Experience Cone’: Deep & Meaningful Learning
Read
Listen
View Images
Watch Movie
Go to Exhibit
Watch Demo
See it Done on Site
Participate in Discussion
Give a Talk
Simulate Real Life Experience
Do the Real Thing
Pass
ive
Act
ive
Dale, 1969, A/V Methods in Teaching
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NetGen & ‘Digital Natives’ – Mountifield 2005
Digitally literate
• Use variety of IT devices
• Surf the Net
• Experimental
Multiple media literacy
• Comfortable in visual rich environment
• Able to weave together images, text,
sound
• Visual interfaces, streaming media,
gaming
Always connected
• Mobile phones, laptops, PDA, IM, web
cams, wireless, blogs, email, wikis, chat,
gaming
Immediacy
• Expect information, communication,
entertainment to be 24/7
• Immediate responses & instant
gratification
• High expectations
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Laptop Use – Wolff, 2006 & Gibbons, 2007
• Security issues
• Power supply
• Carrying weight
• Need for wired data points
• Larger tables
• Near windows
• Access to food & drink
• Comfortable seating – stay!
• Continuing need for desktop
computing
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Japanese use of Mobile Phones – The Age 14th April 2007
Japanese use ‘keitai’ - Australians use PCs
• Send / receive emails, download music,
access ‘mixi’ (Japanese ‘Myspace’), access
web pages, train timetables etc
• Many high school students graduate without
learning how to use a personal computer
• 2000 - 2006, 20 y.o. use of internet fell from
23.6% to 11.9% - same proportion as 50-year-
olds - ability with PCs has regressed to match
their parents
• 4 million young part-time workers cannot afford
PCs and excluded from work
• Telstra's Next G and i-Mode, based on
technology introduced in Japan in 1999
• Can surf between three high-definition PC
websites at a time, use Flash software,
download Word, Excel & PDF files
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Virtual collaborative learning
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Learning Management Systems – Tarnaowska/Hansen, 2005
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eLearning
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Educating the Net Gen (Educause - Brown, 2005)
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
local
synchronous
face-to-face
meeting places
asynchronous
site specific signage
exhibitions
installations
white board
remotetelephone
video conference
text messages
shared cyber links
internet
web
virtual studio
‘google it’
Virtual & Physical, Time & Space - Mitchell, 2005
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Research Led Teaching - The New Production of Knowledge
Mode 1[Closed]
Disciplinary
Homogeneous
Organisationally hierarchical
Tends to preserve its form
Quality control related to
discipline
Context based on basic
research or academic
science
Mode 2[Open]
Trans-disciplinary
Heterogeneous
Organisationally heterarchical
Transient
Quality temporary and
heterogeneous practitioners
Context around a particular
application
(Gibbons, 1994)
(Kirkpatrick, 2007)
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Pedagogy & Space – 3 Modes
Three spatial archetypes:
• Teacher centred [mode 1]
• Student centred [mode 2]
• Informal – ‘thirdspace’ [mode 3]
Mode 2
Mode 1
Mode 3
Issues:
• How do you measure space
utilisation in 3 modalities?
• Do you measure inputs or outputs –
what are the performance criteria?
• How do you measure the quality of
learning environments?
5%
15%
80%
Typical
Questions:
• What is the right balance of the three
• Where should they be located?
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Outline
• Learning Modalities
- NetGen students & adult learning
- Collaborative pedagogies
- Learning modalities
• Aligning pedagogy & space
- Learning modalities
- Collaborative learning environments
- Emerging concepts
• Learning Communities
- Social construction of knowledge
- The campus as network of nodes
- Learning hubs & learning commons
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Linking Pedagogy & Space – SCUP Scott Webber 2004
d e l i v e r i n g
a p p l y i n g
c r e a t i n g
c o m m u n i c a t i n g
d e c i s i o n m a k i n g
• instructor controls presentation
• focus on presentation• passive learning
• controlled observation• one-to–one• informal• active learning
• multiple disciplines• leaderless/egalitarian• casual/active learning• research
• knowledge is dispersed
• impromptu delivery
• organise information
• information is shared
• leader sets final direction
• semi-formal to formal
• make decisions
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Self-directive spaces HighLow
Co
llab
ora
tive s
paces
Low
Hig
h
Classroom/
training room
Case study
room
Loose tables
and chairs
Syndicate
rooms
Studio
spaces
General
purpose
rooms
Board/
conference
rooms
Project
room
Specialist highly
serviced space
Workstation
Video/tele-
conference
rooms
Internet
Cafe
Personal
office
Computer
studios
Personal
study
Library
Pedagogy & Space Matrix – Independent vs Collaborative
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Self-directive spaces HighLow
Co
llab
ora
tive s
paces
Low
Hig
h
Classroom/
training room
Case study
room
Loose tables
and chairs
Syndicate
rooms
Studio
spaces
General
purpose
rooms
Board/
conference
rooms
Project
room
Specialist highly
serviced space
Workstation
Video/tele-
conference
rooms
Internet
Cafe
Personal
office
Computer
studios
Personal
study
Library
Pedagogy & Space Matrix – Independent vs Collaborative
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Practice Model (PBL) – Schon, 1999
Doing
Co
llab
ora
tio
n
Dialogue
Refl
ecti
on
Studio
Seminar
Breakout
Touch Down
office
study carrel
language lab
computer studio
syndicate room
telephone booth
café tables
courtyard seating
forum
lounge
meeting
videoconference
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Problem Based Learning – MIT Aeronautical
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Technology Enabled Active Learning – MIT Physics 1
• Groups (self-directed) in searching for understanding, meaning or solutions or creating a product, with teacher support
• Some delivery, with Web access and team teaching - includes remote IVT
• Flexible layout accommodatesrange of projects - divide into smaller spaces
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Flexible furniture model
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Flexible Learning Centre (FLC)
operable
screens
screensscreens
Tiered case
studyFLC
Different possibilities in each side facilitated by movable furnishings which allow a
variety of settings and pedagogies to take place within one space
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R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
flexible
seminar
room
computertraining room
open access computerroom
lounge/coffeevideo
conferencesuite
resourcescentre
board/seminarroom
syndicatediscussion room
syndicatediscussion room
syndicatediscussion room
syndicatediscussion room
Flexible Learning Centres – Griffith University
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Use of office screens for collaborative dividers
Learning studio – ANU
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Learning Lab [Chemistry 1] - Melbourne University
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Adv. Collab. Learning Centre & Access Grid – VUW
Vic
toria U
niv
ers
ity o
f W
elli
ngto
n
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38R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
HitLab Areas of Research - www.hitlabnz.org
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39R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Learning Studios – Mitchell et al 2005
Emerging principles:
1. Bring natural light, air, and view back
to the classroom
2. All campus spaces - outdoor spaces
& mobile spaces, are potentially
wirelessly serviced ad-hoc
classrooms
3. Take care of the logistics and the
security of laptops, cellphones, and
PDAs
4. Design spaces for individual users of
electronic devices & new social
dynamics that these devices enable
5. Keep it simple and flexible, and
design around people, not
technology
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40R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Outline
• Learning Modalities
- NetGen students & adult learning
- Collaborative pedagogies
- Learning modalities
• Aligning pedagogy & space
- Linking pedagogy & space
- Collaborative learning environments
- Emerging concepts
• Learning Communities
- Social construction of knowledge
- The campus as network of nodes
- Learning hubs & learning commons
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41R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Learning Commons - Typologies
• Information Commons
• Digital Library Centers
• Information Arcades
• Centers for Instructional &
Faculty Development
• Centers or Classrooms for
Instructional Delivery
• Facilities for Multi-Media
Production
• Facilities for Multi-Media
Delivery
• Centers for Distance
Education
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~collab/
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42R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Brookdale ‘Clearinghouse’ – Information Commons
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43R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
University of Auckland – Information & Student Commons
Sourc
e: M
oun
tifield
2005
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44R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
University of Auckland – Information & Student Commons
Sourc
e: M
oun
tifield
2005
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45R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Community Concourse
• Information Kiosks
• Exhibits and Displays
• Food Services
• Informal Seating
• Terrace
University of Otago – Information Services Building
Pfe
iffe
r P
art
ne
rs (
form
erly H
HP
A)
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46R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
University of Otago – Information Services Building
Ground
First
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47R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Victoria University of Wellington – Hub & Library
Source: Architectus/Athfield/Fisher
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48R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Seating Spaces
Secure Zone
• Seats with computers (SCS)
• Seats with carrells
• Seats at group tables
• Group withdrawal rooms
• A/V seats
• A/V room seats
• Slides room seats
• SCS Print Kiosk
Non Secure Zone (RFID)
• Seats with computers (SCS)
• Seats in ‘study-house’
Social Zone
• Seats in circulation spaces
• Seats in eddy space zones
Source: Architectus/Athfield/Fisher
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49R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Collection Services
203m2
Store70m2
CollectionServices
Workspace100m2
OtherWorkspace/
Storage80m2
Mail Room
35m2
Layer F - Library Support and Reader Zones
Staff Seminar
75m2
Staff Room125m2
Suther-Land84m2
UTDC
36m2
Study Spaces
Open
1500 m2
Group40m2
ComputerCommons
250m2
Group40m2
Group40m2
Group40m2
Group40m2
(Open when not in use?)
Access Grid
training75m2
ALFCtraining75m2
Support Staff180m
Waiting Area30m2
Multi MediaDevelopCentre
80m2
Computer Stores100m2
Retail and Services200 m2
Lending and readerServices
257m2
Central
Resource
Services
102m2
Reference and Liaison
Services133m
NZETC122m2
Digital Services
52m2
Link to “Front of
House”University
Librarian
32m2
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50R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Level F
Secure Zone
Non Secure Zone (RFID)
Social Zone
Source: Architectus/Athfield/Fisher
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51R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Level F - Alternate
Secure Zone
Non Secure Zone (RFID)
Social Zone
Source: Architectus/Athfield/Fisher
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52R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Peer to peer learning spaces – Scottish Funding Council
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53R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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54R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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55R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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56R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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57R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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58R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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59R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
The Saltire Centre – Caledonian University
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60R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Hubs & Communities - University of Pennsylvania
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61R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
University Square - University of Pennsylvania
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62R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Technology Hub - University of Pennsylvania
Goals• Infect undergraduates with excitement of technological innovation• Provide an action-oriented context to motivate learning• Foster development of problem solving skills critical for innovation• Nurture an innovation community at Penn• Provide knowledge & infrastructure resources that enable innovation
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63R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Interactive Learning Hub – Nodes & Critical Mass
1. Social construction of knowledge &
‘communities of practice’
2. Asynchronous/synchronous learning
3. New production of knowledge
4. Social capital – networks & social
architecture
5. Research priorities. Government ‘Link’
funding… social network analysis
6. Cluster theory
Source: Sovell, 2003
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64R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Social Network Analysis – Research Collaborations
3 years of
Collaborations
• Research Grants
won
• Refereed Journal
articles
• Refereed
conference
papers
• Books & book
chapters
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65R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Melbourne University Campus
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66R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Network of Nodes – University of Melbourne Libraries/Hubs
53
2
1
1a
4
1. Arts1a BioMedical1b Music2. ERC, Eng, E
Asian, GS3. Architecture,
Physical Sciences
4. Economics/Commerce, Law, MBS
5. LFR, Life Sciences
6. Bio21
1b
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67R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Melbourne University Campus
5
3
2
1
1a
4
1b
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68R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Research Led Learning - Interactive Learning Hub
InteractiveLearning
Hub
Multi-media
development
cluster
linked to
Faculties
Professional
Development
‘Learning
Laboratory’
Stanford or UBC
Learning commons
Flexible learning
Centre
Clustered
retail outlets
Clustered
student
services
Industry, Alumni &
other functions
related spaces
Specialised
Research
Collections
Post
Graduate
Studies
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69R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Concluding Remarks
• Learning Modalities
- NetGen students & adult learning
- Collaborative pedagogies
- Learning modalities
• Aligning pedagogy & space
- Linking pedagogy & space
- Collaborative learning environments
- Emerging concepts
• Learning Communities
- Social construction of knowledge
- The campus as network of nodes
- Learning hubs & learning commons
![Page 70: Next- or Net- Generation Learning Spaces? Mode 3 Learning](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020912/62030dcbf7d175358244f530/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
R u b i d a R e s e a r c hN e w L e a r n i n g E n v i r o n m e n t s
Thank You