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“NewSpace”The Coming Revolution in Commercial Human Spaceflight
Bigelow Aerospace “Genesis-1”in orbit, July 2006
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Manned Orbital
Space Habitat
Deep Space
Space Shuttle (USA) [to 2010?]Ares 1/Orion Block 1 (USA) [from 2014]Soyuz (Russia)Shenzhou (China)
International Space Station [to 2016?]
Ares 1/Ares 5/Orion Block 2 (USA) [from 2018-2020?]- “Apollo on Steroids”
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Manned Orbital
Space Habitat
Deep Space
Space Shuttle (USA) [to 2010?] Rocketplane Kistler K-1 OV (USA)Ares 1/Orion Block 1 (USA) [from 2014] PlanetSpace Silver Dart (Canada/USA)Soyuz (Russia) SpaceX Dragon (USA)Shenzhou (China)
International Space Station [to 2016?]Bigelow Aerospace Sundancer (USA)Bigelow Aerospace BA-330 (USA)
Ares1/Ares 5/Orion Block 2 (USA) [from 2018-2020?]CSI Lunar Express (Russia/USA)Deep Space Expedition Alpha (Russia/USA)SpaceX Lunar Dragon? (USA)
Manned SuborbitalVirgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo (USA/UK) Armadillo Aerospace VDR (USA)RpK Rocketplane XP (USA) Starchaser Thunderstar (UK)Blue Origin New Shephard (USA) ARCA Stabilo (Romania)Prodea Explorer (Russia/USA) CANDSPACE Proteus (S.Korea)Planetspace Canadian Arrow (Canada/USA)
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OldSpace Major military contractors
Government “cost-plus” contracts($500 hammers)
Large project teams(~20,000 people in United Space Alliance)
Politicised funding (“porkbarrel”)
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NewSpace Small entrepreneurial companies(e.g. Masten Space Systems – 5 full-time employees)
Fixed-price commercial contracts
Rapid development cycle(“Build a lot, fly a lot”)
Off-the-shelf technology
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History of Space Commerce 1970's: communication satellites
1980's: earth resources satellites, space manufacturing (ISF)
1990's: navigation (GPS), satellite internet (Iridium, Globalstar, Teledesic)
2000's: space tourism? (Ansari X-Prize)
2010's: commercial space stations? (America's Space Prize)
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Virgin Galactic Carrier aircraft (White Knight 2) and suborbital rocketplane (SpaceShipTwo)
Designed and built by Burt Rutan, funded by Richard Branson
$250M investment
5 spacecraft
2 carrier aircraft
$100M for new spaceport at Upham, New Mexico
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140km max altitude, ~5min of microgravity. $200,000 per seat
~200 customers now, est. 500 by first commercial flight
WK2 rollout Farnborough 2007. Spacecraft test flights 2008-2009
British flight test crew
Commercial service 2009
Virgin Galactic
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Virgin Galactic
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Virgin Galactic
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Virgin Galactic
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Virgin Galactic
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Rocketplane XP Rebuilt LearJet 25, conversion to suborbital spaceplane
Takeoff under jet power, ignites rocket at altitude
Operating from Oklahoma Spaceport (former Strategic Air Command base).
Pilot + 3 passengers
Space tourism, nanosat launch
First test flight 2008?
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Rocketplane XP
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Rocketplane XP
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Blue Origin Funded by Jeff Bezos (Amazon.com)
Own private spaceport in Cuthbertson County, TX
VTVL modular design (“New Shepard”)
Nov 2006: First prototype launch successful
Test flights every 1-2 weeks
Manned flights to 100km by 2010
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Stabilo (Romania)
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Armadillo Aerospace Founded by John Carmack (creator of Doom, Quake)
8 people working part-time, total spend ~$2.5M
VTVL unmanned tech demos
2004: successful hop test
2004: vehicle crash
Oct 2006: entered NASA Lunar Lander Challenge ($1.3M prizes)
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Armadillo Aerospace
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COTS NASA programme “Commercial Orbital Transportation Services” (also stands for “Commercial Off-The-Shelf”)
Develop commercial ISS resupply (buy tickets, don't build rockets)
$500M between two companies for cargo transport by 2010, with option for crew transport
Fixed-price contract, dependent on technical milestones
August 2006: Award split between two companies, SpaceX and Rocketplane Kistler
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SpaceX`Founded by Elon Musk (Paypal.com)
Aims to provide launches 3-5x cheaper than US competition
March 2006: Falcon-1 test launch failed, engine fire and shutdown
Q1 2007: Second Falcon-1 test launch
Q1 2007: Test firing Falcon-9 1st stage
Dragon manned capsule under development. First Dragon demo fight 2008, first manned flight 2010?
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SpaceX
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Launch configuration
On-orbit configurationDragon atop SpaceXFalcon-9 launch vehicle
SpaceX Dragon
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Rocketplane-Kistler K-1: TSTO, fully reusable, recovery via parachutes & airbags
Launch from Woomera, Australia
Fleet of 5, launch every 2 weeks
Cost: $21M per launch
$207M under COTS programme
Prototype 75% hardware complete now
First launch 2009-2010.
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Bigelow Aerospace Bob Bigelow, US hotel entrepreneur
$500M of own money for inflatable manned space station modules (TransHab, ex-NASA program)
1/3-scale test modules- Genesis-I: in orbit- Genesis-II: launch Q1 2007
Sundancer: man-capable module 2009
BA-330: full-scale permanently manned station 2011?
Working with Lockheed-Martin on crew transport
Orbital tourism, commercial research, space manufacturing
Genesis-I in orbit
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Why should we care? It's cool
It's British!
Cheaper space operations = less pressure on space science budgets
Cheap/free and frequent flight opportunities for science payloads
Building commercial space infrastructure makes doing anything in space easier, including science.
The UK has a head start in this industry, but it could easily be lost due to governmental, institutional and public indifference.