Download - News Writing Med 2
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Ms. Meden F. Fadriquela
School Paper AdviserNew Era University- High School Department
No. 9, Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City
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News is difficult to definebecause it has many
variables.
News must be factual, yetnot all facts are news.
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News is primarilyabout people,
what they
say anddo.
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A report of any event or situation.
A record of the most interesting,
important and accurate
information obtained about thethings man think andsays, sees and
describes, plansand does.
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It is anything published in anewspaper which interests
a large number of people
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News is any event, idea or
opinion that is timely, that interestsor affects a large number of
persons in a community, and that is
capable of being understood bythem.
- Dean M. Lyle Spencer
Former Dean, School of Journalism
Syracuse University
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According to CarlWarren, Former
Radio NewsEditor of NewYork Times, allnews is intendedto interest, informor entertainsomebody
somewhere large sections ofthe public.
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If something is happening NOW, it
is more newsworthy than if ithappened yesterday or last week or
two weeks ago. Oftentimes the
most newsworthy element in thestory is the most recent happening,
the latest thing in
a series of happenings.
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The news story must immediately tell the
impact of the event.
b. The value of the news depends upon the
newness of the happening.
c. It concerns not only of the recency(time of occurrence) but also primacy
(you gasp with surprise when you first
hear or see it is news to you, regardless
of age)
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How close to your readers is this
event taking place? All other things
being equal, something that ishappening in or near their location is
much more meaningful to them than
something taking place across townor across the world.
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Interests of the readers primarily
depends upon the closeness of their
own personal affairs.Closeness not only place but
interest.
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Is a well-known person part of thestory? Readers like to read about
people they know. If a person iswell-known, more readers will be
interested than if a person who is
mentioned is not known.
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A good example is thenewsworthiness of the classic
remark made by Charles A. Dana,in
1882: When a dog bites a man
that is not news, but when a man
bites a dog that is news.
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How will this event impact yourreaders? How important is it?
Something that is more important
will be more newsworthy than
something that is of little
importance, all other things beingequal.
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Is there a conflict between persons in the
story? A rivalry? A misunderstanding?
People are naturally drawn to conflict
and find it fascinating.
This element is essential in catching the
attention of the readers like the intenseconflicts of the different political groups
in the Philippines.
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Anything that appeals
to the readers
emotionsmakeshim laugh, cry, get
angry, feel sympathy,
etc.has the
potential for human
interest.
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Another factor in stimulating the
appeal and interest of the readers.
The continuing suspense of day-to-day news events will always attract
the attention of the reading public.
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News story thatis appealing to
the readers,irrespective of itspoint of origin,such as local,community,national andinternational.
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Suggest the breadth and extension of
the news.
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It adds color and vitality to the story.
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Mystery, suspense,
comedy, the unusual, thebizarre are chief elements
of drama
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It is present in stories of romance,
marriage, divorce and other
relationships.
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Involves any significant change for
the betterment of mankind.
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Special Types of News Stories
A. According to style of presentation
1. Straight News- the data arepresented
in direct fashion using the summarylead.
2. News Features the data are
presentedindirectly through the use of noveltylead.
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B. According to place of occurrence
1. Local News the event that happenswithin the locality of the reader.
2. Foreign News the events takes place
outside the country.
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C. According to content
1. Science and Technology News
2. Developmental Communication
3. Sports News
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D.According to sources
1. Action Story
the reporter himself is aneyewitness of the event that happened.
2. Based on the record news
The information are gathered from therecords like the police stations, hospitals
and other agencies.
3. Based on interview -
Interviewing the persons
who know the event.
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E. According to page makeup
1. Single incident story one event only.
2. Composite Feature more than one
event that happened at the same time.
3. News Brief news item usually not
more than two paragraphs.
4. Bulletin important last minute news of
a running story printed on the front page
in boldfaced type and maybe boxed.
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5. Flash
It presents only the basic facts of a fresh
story that comes in too late to be printedin full news item.
6. Side bar storyBrief news item on some
lighter aspects of an event
placed side by side to a
related significant news.
F A di t th f
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F. According to the sequence of
occurrence
1. Advance News
A report of expected event
2. Spot News
A report of event which the writer hasactually witnessed.
3. Coveragebased on given assignment
or beat like news gathered from hospitals
police stations, and other agencies.
4. Follow-up News recent development
of reported event.
THE LEAD
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THE LEAD
In writing the story, we are interested toknow the LEAD which is the
introductory sentence of the news story.
Classification of Leads
According to purpose:
1. Conventional or Summary lead
2. Unconventional, unorthodox
or novelty lead
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According to construction, leads maybeclassified into 3 groups:
1. Who-What-When-Where-Why-How
leads
This is the oldest type known tojournalists and has come to be known
as the 5Ws and an HI have six honest serving men
(They taught me all I know)
Their names are What and Whyand When and How and Where
and Who
Th Wh l d
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The Who lead
Names make news,
especially prominentones. It maybe one
person, several
persons, or anorganization.
However, the lead
should avoidfeaturing more than
3 personal names.
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The What lead (or event feature)
Most straight news leads play up
what the story is all about.
A struggle to protect or increase
respectivenumbers of congressmen onopposing sides of the impeachmentfence began yesterday at the House of
Representatives.
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The Why lead
To further streamline emergency hotline
services and strengthen anti crime efforts,
the Philippine National Police conferred
with respondents of emergency hotline
117 in a top-level meeting at the Crown
Plaza Galleria.
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The How leadoften used for unusual
happenings and action stories.
Staging a 48-hour walkout beginning
today, nearly 100 South Korean
journalists at a government controlled
television station demanded that the
government stop dictating how theycover the news.
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The When lead
It is used when an event takes place at
unconventional hour, or in making an
announcement where the time is
important to the reader.
Tomorrow, May 15,is the
last day for filing individualtax returns.
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The Where lead
Convalescent homes in Solanohavebeen the sites for beauty contests to
choose representatives to
the 7th Annual My Fair
Lady Pageant, where
Contestants aremostly in their
70s and 80s.
Ch t i ti f G d L d
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Characteristics of a Good Lead
1.Includes only 5Ws and the H which are
important.A small contingent of US developmental
gymnasts traveled to the Soviet Union last
June to take a closer look at Sovietgymnasts.
What: travel
Who: US developmental gymnastsWhere: Soviet Union
When: June
Why: to take a closer look
2 St t ith th f t f th t
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2. Starts with the feature of the story,which may either be the most
important or most interesting fact orboth.
3. It must be short- usually 25-35
words if it is one paragraph.
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4. Begins with specific, interest
arousing words.5. Avoid when possible, beginning
with such words and phrases as
a, an, the, at a meeting, yesterday,last night, days of the week,according to, it is, there is, etc.
S h f h h
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6. Suggests the source of the news whennecessary.
in stories which foretell something notgenerally known.
about future events in order to protect
the paper if the event does not occur.
in stories about important events that
the reporter failed to attend.
to attribute an opinion,
thereby avoid editorializing.
7 A id l di h fi f
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7. Avoid overloading the first sentence of
the lead.
8. Is written colorfully when possible.9. Avoid citing the news source in stories
which readers would expect to be eye
witness accounts or instories in which citing
the source would be
unnecessary.
H i S L d
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How to write a Summary Lead
1.First study carefully the notes that you
took for the story, selecting the 5Ws andH. It is best for beginners to list the
5Ws and H on a sheet of paper, and
opposite each, write the appropriateact.
2. Choose the feature on
the basis of news valuesand your readers
what will interest them.
3 A h i i 5W d H i
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3. Arrange the remaining 5Ws and H, in
the order of decreasing importance.
4. Determine the best way to start the
lead sentence.
5. Keep in mind all the othercharacteristics of a good
summary lead.
6. Test your lead.7. Rewrite the lead if
you can improve it.
Th U i l NOVELTY l d
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The Unconventional or NOVELTY lead
It uses any device that will
attract attention, arouse curiosity,or sustain interest. It adds vigor andcolor to writing and does notcontain the gist of the story, butmerely serves as an introduction
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The NOVELTY lead is used:
When the facts are not entirely straight
news. When the facts maybe made much more
interesting by a novel way of presenting
them. When the purpose is
to arouse the readers
interest.
Types of Novelty leads:
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Types of Novelty leads:
1. Narrative Lead It draws the reader
into the story by allowing him to relatehimself with the characters.December 1999. With the Y2K scare and
end-of-the millennium jitters hovering in the
air, I found myself in a book store for somelast minute shopping. I was looking for theabridged versions of the classic Heidi andthe Secret Garden to give to my nieces
when I saw a vaguely familiar title: The ladyor the Tiger. As I traced the embossed title,a particular memory flooded myconsciousness.
2 D i ti l d
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2. Descriptive lead
It illustrates a mental picture of the
subject to the reader. This is effective inwriting a personality sketch.
The night fell as we descended the summit
of Mt. Makiling. The cicadas were sending usoff with their choir. While walking, we couldnt
stop imagining the possible appearance of
Maria Makiling, who accordingto legend, is the goddess
of this mountain.
3. Quotation lead
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3. Quotation leadThis statement is uttered by well-
known person or celebrity.You stole the presidency, not
onlyonce but twice.Shouted SusanRoces, widow of Fernando Poe Jr., duringa gathering of the opposition, denouncingPres. Gloria Macapagal
Arroyos alleged vote
rigging during the
2004 election.
4 Question lead
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4. Question lead
A thought provoking question to capture
the interest of reader and lead them tofind the answer provided by thesucceeding details of the article.
When was the last time I told my father
I loved him?I wish I could tell
him a thousand times how
much I love him now,
but he is already
heedless inside
his coffin.
5 Teaser
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5. Teaser
A device to deceive the reader in a jesting
manner to arouse his curiosity and gentlylead him into the story. It is generally
short, crisp and witty. Mostly suggestive
and humorous.
Which comes first, the hen or the egg?
Well, egg could not be
made possible without
the hen. But where does
the hen come from?
6 Punch lead
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6. Punch leadIt is short, striking one-sentence lead.
Hungry farmers are selling not onlytheir carabaos but also their children.
7. Freak lead - it uses typographicaleffects to enhance its appeal.
Wanted: Filipino doctors and nurses.This is the appeal of several government-ownedhospitals which face closure due to the exodusof many Pinoy doctors and nurses abroad.
8 Astonisher lead
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8. Astonisher lead It uses an exclamatory sentence.
NSPC 2006 Champion!Bold red letters printed on a three-meter long
streamer was over the gate of the New Era
University when the Hudyat, Official Student
Publication of the Elementary
Department won as Best
School Paper during the
National Schools PressConference held in Kalibo,
Aklan, February 22-26.
9 One word lead
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9. One word lead
It uses a very significant word to capture
or arouse the interest of the reader.Bang!
Sprinters from the different divisions of the
National Capital Region zoomed bullets to thefinishing line in a 100-meter dash
during the National Capital Region
Athletic Association (NCRAA)Meet, Held at Amoranto
Stadium, Quezon City, April 1-6.
10 Parody lead
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10. Parody lead
It consists of a parody of a well-known
quotation, song, poem, book or movie filmtitle.
You only live once, but if you live it
right, once is enough.This familiar adageproved true to Clarence Castillo,a young boy
who died while rescuing his younger brother at
the height of flooding in Infantatown in Quezon last year for
he was posthumously
awarded for his bravery.
11 Background lead
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11. Background lead
It describes an event in which the
background overshadows the individualwho participate in it; often use storiesabout carnivals, festivals, dances and
others.It was like the school was put in a time
machine and was led back to the past when
teachers and students who participated in theBuwan ng Wika program, gathered in front of
the four-storey building garbed in old
Filipiniana costumes.
12 Contrast lead
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12. Contrast lead
* it is used to point up opposites and
extremes.Four years ago, she fought for the
installation of Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo
as President of the Philippines through
EDSA II Revolution. Today, former
President Corazon Aquino
is calling for GMAs
resignation.
13 Staccato lead
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13. Staccato lead
Usually consists of series of words or
phrases, punctuated by periods,commas or dashes.
Neglected. Denuded. Abused. and
Abandoned. This is the real picture of ourforest today.
HARD N & SOFT N
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HARD News & SOFT News
Journalists today often refer to hardnews and soft news.
HARD News
is important to large numbers ofpeople.
is timely
usually about events in government,politics, education, foreign affairs,labor, religion, courts, etc.
SOFT News
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SOFT News usually less important because it
entertains, although it may alsoinform
often less timely than hard news
includes human interests andfeature stories which may relate tohard news.
appeals more to emotions than tothe intellect or the desire to beinformed.
HARD News
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HARD News
Despite its importance, usuallyattracts fewer readers because itmay not be as interesting as
soft news ormaybe more
difficult
to understand.
3 Factors Essential to News
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3 Factors Essential to News
Facts
Interest
Readers
The basis of all news is
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The basis of all news isFACT.
The job of the reporter is tomake facts INTERESTING to
a particular group ofREADERS
N b f l
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News must be factual
News is based on actual
occurrences, situations,thoughts and ideas.
Yet, not all facts are news
News must be interesting
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News must be interesting.
But not all facts are interesting.
Different facts
will be interesting
to different
readers.
Qualities that distinguish news from
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Qua t es t at d st gu s e s o
other forms of writing:
1. Must be ACCURATE
Reporters must work hard
to achieve accuracy.
They must check, double-
check, and re-check every
fact.
Reporters must question
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Reporters must questiontheir sources carefully.
Informantssometimes
misinform althoughrarely on purpose.
2 It is BALANCED
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2. It is BALANCED.
Balanced in a news story isa matter of emphasis andcompleteness.
News is considered balanced
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News is considered balancedand complete when all
significant details are includedand have proper relationship
with each other.
The purpose of balance is to give the
reader a fair understanding of the
event, not a detailed account of everyfact.
3 It is OBJECTIVE
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3. It is OBJECTIVE
News is a factual report, nota report of how the reporterthought something should
have been.
A reporter must report news
as impartially and honestlyas possible.
Objectivity is difficult to
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Objectivity is difficult toachieve because areporters own opinions and
feelings can easily interfere
with factual presentation instories.
4 It is CONCISE and CLEAR
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4. It is CONCISE and CLEAR
Hard news stories almostalways follow the invertedpyramid and are written
concisely and clearly so thatthe meaning is clear to anaverage reader.
Guidelines of the Inverted Pyramid
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LEAD SENTENCE : 5 WsUse catchy statements (clever,
funny, surprising, provocative)
DETAILSUse quotes from
interviewees
Wrap upUse a quote or
catchy
phrase
Guidelines of the Inverted Pyramid
5 It is RECENT
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5. It is RECENT
Timeliness is of major
importance in this era of fast
communication.
Reporters emphasize
The newest angle
of the story.
How to write an Effective Lead
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1. Use a simple sentence.
2. Do not overload the beginning paragraphwith the answer of 5Ws and H. Rememberthat the second paragraph is a secondarylead too.
3.Do not use an important or unusual wordtwice in the same sentence.
4. Avoid, when possible the use of
articles such as a, an, the asthe beginning word of the lead.
Rules in Paragraph Construction
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g p
1. A paragraph of the news should not
exceed 75 words.2. Important facts should be placed at the
beginning of the paragraph.
3. Avoid repetition of clauses, phrasesand other similar grammatical construction
at the beginning of each paragraph.
4. Do not put direct quotation andindirect quotation in the same
paragraph.
5. One sentence paragraph is preferred in
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writing news. But if it cannot be avoided itshould not exceed three sentences
6. For easy reading, average number ofwords per sentence should be between 15to 20. A sentence longer than 30 words
may be hard to understand.7. Arrange paragraph in the descending
order of importance so that the lay-out
editor can delete the last leastimportant ones for lack of space.
Qualities of a News Writer
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Q
1.Has nose for news
knows where to get the data
knows what angle of the event
should be highlighted in the news
can easily identify event, which
is worth publishing as news.
Qualities of a News Writer
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2. Inquisitive
3. Patient4. Fair
5. Interested with people
6. Always seeks for truth7. Resourceful
8. Reliable
9. Has wide vocabulary10. Wide reader
Q
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When love and skill work together,
expect a masterpiece. John Ruskin