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NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Viral Disease
Several types of birds
Highly contagious
Caused by strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1)
Respiratory, digestive, and/or neurological manifestations
Zoonotic disease
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NEW CASTLE DISEASE VIRUS
Viral Taxonomy
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily: Paramyxovirinae
Genus: Avulavirus
Species: Newcastle Disease Virus
Other avian paramyxoviruses
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Definitions and Synonyms
APMV 1 = Newcastle Disease
Pseudo-fowl pest, pseudovogel-pest, atypische,
Geflugelpest, pseudo-poultry plague, avian pest, avian
distemper, Raniket disease, Tetelo disease, Korean fowl
plague, and avian pneumoencephalitis
Exotic Newcastle disease: Infections with virulent APMV-1
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NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS
Pleomorphic
100-500 nm
Single-stranded, non segmented,
negative sense RNA
Hemagglutination activity
Neuraminidase activity
Antigenically homogeneous group
Different Pathotypes!!!
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Hemagglutination (HA)
NDV and other APMV
Due to binding of HN protein to
receptors on the surface of RBC
Chicken RBC are used for HA
test, but NDV can agglutinate all
amphibian, reptilian and avian
cells
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Susceptibility
Temperature: Inactivated by 56°C/3 hours, 60°C/30 min
Inactivated by acid pH
Chemicals: Ether sensitive
Disinfectants: Inactivated by formalin and phenol
Survival: Survives for long periods at ambient
temperature, especially in feces
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Hosts
Infection has been demonstrated in at least 241 species
from 27 orders of birds
Chickens are the most susceptible species
White leghorns chickens seem to be more susceptible to
experimental infection than white rocks
Turkeys are more resistant than chickens
Waterfowl are believed to be quite resistant
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A carrier state can exist in psittacine birds and other
birds
Mortality/morbidity influenced by species, strain of
virus, environmental factors, and vaccination practices
Hosts
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Transmission
Infection may take place by either inhalation or ingestion
PPMV is shed by feces
Virus may be present in aerosols
Birds in contact with such aerosols become infected
Large amounts of virus are excreted in the feces
Ingestion of these feces result in infection
Vertical transmission remains controversial
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Dissemination of the Disease
Movement of live birds
Feral birds, pet/exotic birds, game birds, racing pigeons and commercial poultry
Contact with other animals
Movement of people and equipment
Movement of poultry products
Airborne spread
Contaminated poultry feed
Contaminated water
Vaccines
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The severity of the disease is
determined by:
Viral strain
Dose (level of challenge)
Route of exposure
Immune status
Age
Host species
Incubation period: 3-8 days
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Clinical FormsCurrent Definition
Infections with:
Low virulent viruses
Virulent viruses – Viscerotropic
Neurotropic
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Infection with low virulent
viruses
Primarily a respiratory condition of sudden onset and rapid spread
Dyspnea
Air sac lesions related to complicating infections E. coli, ORT
Disease course: 10-14 days
Poor productive performance
NDV isolates from these clinical problems are similar to strain
vaccines
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Infection with virulent viruses(Exotic ND)
Conjunctivitis
Dyspnea
Severe respiratory signs
Subcutaneous edema around eye (cellulitis)
Diarrhea (may be green)
Prostration
May be neurological signs
Death
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Prostration
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Dyspnea
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Facial Edema
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Cyanosis of Comb
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Conjunctivitis and blepharitis
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Conjunctivitis and blefaritis
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Salivation and Nasal Discharge
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High Mortality and Gasping
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Infection with virulent virusesNeurotrophic Form (aka pneumoencephalitis)
Conjunctivitis
Dyspnea
Tremors
Torticollis
Wing or leg paralysis
The birds are unable to reach the feed or water
Death
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Lack of Coordination
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Movements of the head
(head shaking)
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Torticollis
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Torticollis
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Torticollis
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Paralysis of legs, and wing
droop
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Opisthotonos
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Gross Lesions
Gross lesions are dependant of the strain. Remarkable
with viscerotropic velogenic viruses
Hemorrhagic lesion in the intestine are characterized of
viscerotropic strains
Generally, gross lesions are not observed in the central
nervous system of birds infected with NDV, regardless of
the pathotype
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Subcutaneal Edema in Neck and
Hemorrhagic Tracheitis
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Hemorrhagic Tracheitis
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Diphtheritic Laryngo-tracheitis
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Fibrinous membranes in oral,
pharyngeal, and esophageal mucosa
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Hemorrhages in Proventriculus
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Intestinal Hemorrhages
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Hemorrhages in Lymphoid Foci
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Splenic Necrosis
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Intestinal Ulcers
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Normal Cecal Tonsils
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Hemorrhagic Cecal Tonsils
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Necrosis and Hemorrhages in Intestinal
Lymphoid aggregation Sites
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Hemorrhagic Cecal Tonsils
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Ulcers on cecal tonsils
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Hemorrhages in Cloaca
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Shrunken and Hemorrhagic Ovaries
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Egg Abnormalities
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Avian influenza
Fowl cholera
Laryngotracheitis
Infectious bronchitis
Metapneumovirus
Fowl pox (diphtheritic
form)
Mycoplasmosis
Psittacosis (chlamydiosis in
psittacine birds)
Pacheco's parrot disease
(psittacine birds)
Very virulent infectious bursal
disease
Differential Diagnosis
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Definitive Diagnosis
Virus isolation
Detection of hemagglutination
Hemagglutination inhibition
RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR
Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis
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Isolation and Agglutination
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Live attenuated vaccines
B1 (Lentogenic)
LaSota (Lentogenic)
Roakin (Mesogenic)
Vaccine reaction
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Recombinant Vaccines
Vectors: Herpesvirus of
turkeys
Fowl poxvirus
Fusion protein gene
In ovo application
Injection
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ND is reportable to the World Organization for Animal
Health (OIE)
Zoonotic disease: Conjunctivitis in humans
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NEWCASTLE
DISEASE UPDATE in
REGION III
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Reported ND cases
Province No.ofMunicipalities
No. of Barangays
No. of FarmersAfffected
Mortality
Aurora 5 45 1,353 28,884
Bataan 10 64 358 13,542
Bulacan 6 19 65 3,803
Pampanga 20 157 3,052 46,023
Nueva Ecija 32 800 331 200,000
Tarlac 11 30 50 127,452
Zambales 13 22 184 13,226
TOTAL 97 1,137 5,393 432,930
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ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN
I. Conducted meetings
– Emergency meeting with the provincial, city and municipal
veterinarians on January 21, 2016.
– Meeting with stakeholders on February 16, 2016
– Meeting with stakeholders on February 26, 2016
– Meeting with stakeholders on April 1, 2016
– Meeting with stakeholders on April 26, 2016 (Anti-Rabies and
ND vaccination kick off at CLSU)
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INFORMATION AND
EDUCATION CAMPAIGN
– Conducted series of info campaign in the 7 provinces of the region
– Zambales March 1, 2016
– Nueva Ecija March 3, 2016
– Tarlac March 4,2016
– Bataan March 8, 2016
– Bulacan March 10, 2016
– Aurora March 11, 2016
– Pampanga March 29, 2016
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VACCINE DISTRIBUTION
PROVINCE REGIONALPURCHASED
BAI VACCINE PRIVATE SECTOR
1. Aurora 26,000 - -
2. Bataan 20,000 62,000 50,000
3. Bulacan 15,000 107,000 100,000
4. Nueva Ecija 35,000 - 400,000
5. Pampanga 24,000 300,000 100,000
6.Tarlac 20,000 200,000 200,000
7. Zambales 55,000 60,000 -
TOTAL 195,000 729,000 850,000
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VACCINATION REPORT
Aurora – 20,020 heads
Bataan – 12,069 heads
Bulacan – 73,000 heads
Nueva Ecija*
Pampanga – 8,667 heads
Tarlac – 115,982 heads
Zambales – 8,466 heads
TOTAL = 238,204 heads
* 100,000 doses of vaccine given to CLSU, 60,000 to Cabiao & 40,000
to Zaragoza
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Memorandum of Agreement(Anti-Rabies & ND Vaccination)
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Memorandum of Agreement(Anti-Rabies & ND Vaccination)
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QUARANTINE ACTIVITIES
–20 Quarantine checkpoints to be set up in the region
– 120 personnel to man the checkpoints will be hired by BAI
– 3 shifts at 2 personnel per shift to be supervised by PVO
– traffic barriers to be donated by private sectors
Aurora – 2 checkpoints Pampanga – 1 checkpoint
Bataan – 1 checkpoint Tarlac – 7 checkpoints
Bulacan – 5 checkpoint Zambales – 2 checkpoints
Nueva Ecija – 2 checkpoints
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QUARANTINE ACTIVITIES
–Quarantine Check points
–Aurora √ Pampanga x
–Bataan √ Tarlac √
–Bulacan √ Zambales √
–Nueva Ecija √
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Creation of the Newcastle Disease
Regional Quick Response Team
Under the Special Order No. 353 series of 2016, the BAI lead the creation of
Regional Quick Response Team (RQRT) for Disease Events and Emergencies.
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THANK YOU!