VEGETATION TYPES OF NEW MEXICO(18,000 Years Ago)
Fig. 2.4 in Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation.
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)
Pluvial Lakes: A large lake associated with excessive rain and little evapotranspiration. Poorly drained.
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
Midden: Organic Deposits of Plant Debris and Feces Cemented by“Amberat” (dried urine)
11
12 13
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
Saguaro Cactus Seeds
Mesquite Seeds
Pinon Seeds
Packrat Midden Macrofossil Analysis
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
(18,000 – 3,300 ybp)
Sacramento Mountains, NM Packrat Middens
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
18,000 ybp
10,000 ybp
8,000 ybp
7,300 ybp
5,500 ybp
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
3,300 ybp
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
NATURE OF PLANT SUCCESSION
Frederic Clements: Communities of Plants shift their Distribution at the same Rate and Time (“Clementisian” View)
Henry Gleason: Individual Plants Shift their Distribution at their OWN Rate and Time (“Gleasonian” View)
18,000 ybp
10,000 ybp
Figs. 2.1, 2.4 in W.A. Dick-Peddie 1993. New Mexico Vegetation.
Modern and Recent Extent of NM Forests
Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation. University of New MexicoPress
McClaren, M.P. and T.R. Van Devender.1997. The Desert Grassland. Universityof Arizona Press.
Primary Literature Sources
Allred, K.W. 1996. Vegetative changes in New Mexico Rangelands. New Mexico Journal of Science 36:168-229
1 http://earthintime.com/holocene.jpg
2 http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/evolution/equidae/ cenozoic.jpg
3 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/packrat-midden.html
4 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/figure3.html
5 http://www.bridgerlandaudubon.org/wildaboututah/images/PackRatMidden KenColePic2.jpg
6 http://www.bridgerlandaudubon.org/wildaboututah/090924packratgrazing.htm
7 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/packratpsm.gif
8 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
10 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
11 http://www.forestryimages.org/images/192x128/5376716.jpg
12 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/137/350242627_3c926995a8.jpg
13 http://www.treenm.com/images/trees/pinon_seeds.jpg
14 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
15 http://www.cabq.gov/airquality/images/Juniper_001.jpg
16 http://img1.photographersdirect.com/img/11769/wm/pd802593.jpg
17 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/visitor-swd-sm.jpg
18 http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Bilder-G-O/Koeleria-macrantha.jpg
19 http://www.wnmu.edu/academic/nspages2/gilaflora/bouteloua_ curtipendula.jpg
20 McClaran, M.P. and T.R. Van Devender. 1995. The desert grassland. Universityof Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
21 http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/ntenvn/2/images/owl%20 pellet.jpg