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New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges
Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono
European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)IET - Institute for Energy and Transport
1AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Overview
2
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Overview
3
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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RDE-LDV general principles
4AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Test vehicles on the road
• Use accurate and advanced portable instruments
• Ex-ante trip selection urban, rural, motorway shares and their sequence road profile requirements for urban driving (idling)…
• Ex-post data evaluation check of dynamic conditions by composite indicators
• Moving Averaging Window (MAW) method => CO2
• Power Binning (PB) method => power at the wheels
check of vehicle dynamics (additional indicators)
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Overview
5
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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RDE-LDV boundary conditions
6
• Ranges for all parameters (altitude, Tamb, dynamics...)
AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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RDE-LDV boundary conditions
7
• Ranges for all parameters (altitude, Tamb, dynamics...)
• A single RDE test does not cover all the possible situations
• RDE limits shall be met for any parameters combination
• Risk with ex-post data evaluation invalidation of tests (insufficient coverage...)
• Wider ranges improve the practicality increased ability to realize a valid RDE trip
AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Overview
8
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Testing protocol
9AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Trip selection and operational requirements
• PEMS installation
• Specifications of PEMS equipment
• Pre-tests and post-tests PEMS calibration
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Overview
10
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Testing Equipment
11AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Measurement performance
• Safety
• Size and installation
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Testing Equipment
12AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Comparison of PEMS equipment mass
Significant decrease of mass for new PEMS generation
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Overview
13
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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Ex-post evaluation
14AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• MAW method CO2 to check driving dynamics vs. reference WLTP CO2 values
• Power binning method Pwheels to check driving dynamics vs. reference Pdistribution
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Ex-post evaluation
15AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• MAW method
CO2 can be used as trip severity indicator
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Ex-post evaluation
16AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Complement the verification of vehicle dynamics
Additional vehicle dynamics indicators (under discussion)
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Overview
17
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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PEMS-PN: Project Overview
18
• Phase I (2012) – Feasibility study application & performance of PEMS-PN vs PN reference (PMP)
• Intermediate step – Update of specifications Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) efficiency of diffusion chargers (DC)
• Phase II (2014) confirmation of Phase I calibration procedures more accurate estimation of uncertainty
• Finalization of PEMS-PN technical specifications next steps under discussion
AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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PEMS-PN: Phase I
19AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Results
Diffusion charger based systems: good linearity with PMP
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PEMS-PN: Phase I
20AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Results
Volatile Particles Removers (VPR) recommended
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21AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
PEMS-PN: Phase II, Topics
21
• Calibration in the laboratory• Comparison with PMP systems• Dependency on particle size• Regeneration• Volatile removal efficiency (moped 2-stroke)• Ambient temperature effect• Calibration at the CVS• Bias and precision• PASS or FAIL success rate• Challenge aerosol (solid sub 23 nm)
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PEMS-PN: Calibration
22AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• PMP
Significant errors for particles <30nm
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PEMS-PN: Calibration
23AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Diffusion Charger
Increasing response with increasing particles size
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Overview
24
• RDE-LDV general principles
• RDE-LDV boundary conditions
• RDE-LDV technical elements Testing protocol Testing instrumentation Ex-post evaluation
• RDE-LDV PEMS-PN
• RemarksAECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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25AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Remarks
25
• RDE-LDV trade-offEx-ante
Boundary testing conditions ranges &
testing requirements
=>Impacts on testing representativeness
Ex-postCheck of dynamic
conditions & vehicle dynamics
=>Impacts on vehicle
performance judgement
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Remarks
26AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• PEMS-PN preliminary results diffusion charging seems a promising alternative to CPCs DCs, if adopted, will require more attention during
• calibration (low levels)• instantaneous particles emissions
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Acknowledgments
27AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
We thank the participants of the RDE working group and theRDE data evaluation task force for their contribution to thedevelopment of the data evaluation methods. The staff ofthe Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (VELA) of the Jointresearch Centre (JRC): Andrea Bonamin, Mauro Cadario,Massimo Carriero, Rinaldo Colombo, Fausto Forni, GastonLanappe, Philippe Le Lijour, Dominique Lesueur, FrancoisMontigny, Marcos Otura Garcia and Mirco Sculati, isacknowledged for executing the vehicle emissions testing onthe road and in the laboratory.
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Contacts
28AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Light-Duty Vehicles: Martin Weiss: [email protected] Pierre Bonnel: [email protected] Theodoros G. Vlachos: [email protected]
• PEMS-PN: Barouch Giechaskiel: [email protected] Francesco Riccobono: [email protected]
• Heavy-Duty Vehicles & Non-Road Mobile Machinery: Adolfo Perujo: [email protected] Pablo Mendoza: [email protected]
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New Euro 6 Legislation on RDE: Overview and Technical Challenges
Theodoros G. Vlachos, Pierre Bonnel, Martin Weiss, Barouch Giechaskiel, Francesco Riccobono
European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)IET - Institute for Energy and Transport
29AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
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30AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Towards RDE: RCG vs. PEMS
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31AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Moving Averaging Windows
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32AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Reference of dynamic conditions
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33AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Urban: ̅ 45 /
• Rural: 45 / ̅ 80 /
• Motorway: ̅ 80 /
Urban/Rural/Motorway MAWs
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34AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Urban: 1017 5209⁄ · 100 19.53
• Rural:2477 5209⁄ · 100 47.55
• Motorway: 1715 5209⁄ · 100 32.92
Trip Completeness
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35AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Primary Tolerance: 25%
• Secondary Tolerance: 50%
Trip Normality
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36AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Urban: 1017 1017⁄ · 100 100
• Rural:1759 2477⁄ · 100 71.01
• Motorway: 1222 1715⁄ · 100 71.25
Trip Normality
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37AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Weighing function
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38AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
PEMS-PN: Difference from PMP
• ±60% variation respect to PMP compliant system
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39AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
• Good linearity with PMP compliant system
PEMS-PN: Phase II vs. Phase I
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40AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Phase II: Calibration, PMP
• Counting efficiency depends on efficiencies of VPR and PNC
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41AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Phase II: Calibration, DC
• Current ∝ (particles number*particle average charge)
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42AECC RDE Technical SeminarBrussels, Belgium, April 2015
Phase II: Calibration, DC vs PMP
• Calibrated at 100nm monodisperse => 75nm polydisperse
Expected range of GMDs