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Neurology
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What condition described as the sensation of spinning while actually stationary?
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VertigoAnswer:
It's the sensation that you, or theenvironment around you, ismoving or spinning. This feelingmay be barely noticeable, or itmay be so severe that you find itdifficult to keep your balance anddo everyday tasks.
The most common causes ofvertigo are inner ear infections ordiseases of the ear such as benignparoxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV), vestibular neuritis, andMeniere's disease.
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Status epilepticus is a life-threatening medical emergency that can be treated with:
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BenzodiazepinesAnswer:
Status epilepticus is a neurologicalemergency requiring immediateevaluation and management toprevent significant morbidity ormortality.
Benzodiazepines act as a sedative– slowing down the body'sfunctions – and are used for bothsleeping problems and anxiety.They work by increasing the effectof a brain chemical called GABA(gamma amino butyric acid).
GABA reduces brain activity in theareas of the brain responsible for:rational thought.
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Which of the following cells provide vision in dim light?
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Rod cellsAnswer:
Rod cells are able to function indim light but do not perceivecolour. Rod cells are able to workin low light intensity because thecell can respond to a singlephoton of light (more sensitive).
The brain requires fewer than 10such responses to perceive thesensation of a flash of light.
Rod cells are highly sensitive tolight and function in nightvision,whereas cone cells are capable ofdetecting a wide spectrum of lightphotons and are responsible forcolour vision.
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Neurology
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The back of the nose isconnected by whichpart of the middle ear?
Round window
Eustachian tube
Stapes
Stapes
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Eustachian tubeAnswer:Answer:
The eustachian tube is acanal that connects themiddle ear to thenasopharynx, which consistsof the upper throat and theback of the nasal cavity.
It controls the pressurewithin the middle ear,making it equal with the airpressure outside the body.
The eustachian tube opensupon swallowing or yawningby contraction of the tensorveli palatini muscle.
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_____ is differentiatedfrom reflex syncope bythe presence of normalblood pressure onstanding in reflexsyncope.
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Orthostatichypotension
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Orthostatic hypotension — alsocalled postural hypotension — is aform of low blood pressure thathappens when you stand up fromsitting or lying down.
Orthostatic hypotension can makeyou feel dizzy or lightheaded, andmaybe even cause you to faint.
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Posterior uveitis mostcommonly presents asdecreased visualacuity with pain.
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FALSEAnswer:
There are three types of uveitis,classified according to the part ofthe uvea that is affected.
Anterior uveitis, which affects thefront part of the eye, is alsosometimes called iritis since theiris is part of the front of the eye.Intermediate uveitis, also knownas pars planitis or cyclitis, refersto inflammation of tissues in thearea just behind the iris and lensof the eye.Posterior uveitis, also known aschoroiditis, refers toinflammation of the choroid, theback part of the uvea.
The normal PR interval onelectrocardiogram is within 0.12-0.2 seconds.
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