![Page 1: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NervousSystems:PartIVTheorganiza8onandfunc8onofmajor
partsofthenervoussystem.
![Page 2: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
KP1:ThePeripheralNervousSystemhandlesinputs/outputswhiletheCentralNervousSystemmakesdecisions/processes
• CNSOrgans:– Brain– SpinalCord
• PNSDivisions:– Cranialnerves– Spinalnerves– Ganglia
![Page 4: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
KP2:Thebrainiscomposedof“white”and“gray”maHer.
• White:Myelinatedneurons(helpsusthink/process)• Gray:Unmyelinatedneurons(coordinatessignals)
![Page 5: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Thecentralcanalofthespinalcordandtheventriclesofthebrainarehollowandfilledwithcerebrospinalfluid(CSF).
• CSFisacolorlessfluidproducedinthechoroidplexusoftheventriclesofthebrain.
• CSFoccupiesthesubacrachnoidspaceofthemeningessurroundingthebrainandspinalcord.– Cushionsthebrainandspinalcord– Providesnutrientsandremovewastes
KP3:ThespinalcordsendssignalsoriginaSngfromthebraintothebodyandhandlesreflexes
![Page 6: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KP4:Gliaarecellsthatsupport,nourish,andregulateneurons
• Manytypesexist:– Embryonicradialglia:formtracksalongwhichnewlyformedneuronsmigrate
– Astrocytes:inducecellsliningcapillariesintheCNStoformSghtjuncSons,resulSnginablood-brainbarrierandrestricSngtheentryofmostsubstancesintothebrain
![Page 7: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
KP5:Vertebrateshaveregionallyspecializedbrains
• SpecializaSonneededtoperformdiversefuncSons
• Thesestructuresariseduringembryonicdevelopment
![Page 9: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TheCerebrumorCortex:
• Thecerebrumorcortexisthelargestpartofthehumanbrain
• associatedwithhigherbrainfuncSonsuchasthoughtandacSon,percepSon,voluntarymovement,andcogniSvefuncSons(learningandmemory).
• ThecerebralcortexisparScularlyextensiveinmammals
• Inhumansitconsistsof80%ofbrainmassandishighlyconvolutedtoincreasesurfacearea.
10
![Page 11: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Adultbrainviewedfromtherear
Cerebellum
BasalnucleiCerebrum
LeMcerebralhemisphere
Rightcerebralhemisphere
Cerebralcortex
Corpuscallosum
![Page 12: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diencephalon
ThalamusPinealglandHypothalamusPituitarygland
Spinalcord
Brainstem
Midbrain
Pons
Medullaoblongata
![Page 13: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cerebrum Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medullaoblongata
CerebellumSpinalcord
Child
![Page 14: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CEREBELLUM
• Partofthehindbrain.• InformaSonprocessing• Balance,postureandcoordinaSon• Monitorsmotorandvisualandauditorycommandsreceivedfromthecortex.
• Helpsinlearningandrememberingmotorskills.
14
![Page 15: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CorpusCallosum
• Athickbandofaxonsthatenablestherightandleccerebralhemispherestocommunicate.
• ThelecsideofthecortexreceivesinformaSonfrom,andcontrolsthemovementof,therightsideofthebody,andviceversa.
• Eachcerebralhemisphereisspecializedfordifferenttasks-e.g.,therightforfacerecogniSonandthelecforlanguage.
15
![Page 16: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hypothalamus
• ThestructureisinvolvedinfuncSonsincludinghomeostasis,emoSon,thirst,hunger,circadianrhythms,andcontroloftheautonomicnervoussystem.
• InaddiSon,itcontrolsthepituitaryandcoordinateswiththeadrenalglandsviathehypothalamus/pituitary/adrenalaxis.
16
![Page 17: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hippocampus:memorycenter
• Thispartofthemid-brainisimportantforlearningandmemory
• ConverSngshorttermmemorytomorepermanentmemory
• ForrecallingspaSalrelaSonshipsintheworldaboutus
17
![Page 18: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TheLimbicSystem(EmoSonalBrain)
• Thelimbicsystemincludesagroupofstructuressurroundingthebrainstem(fromtheLaSnLimbus,border).
• Amygdala,hippocampus,partsofthethalamus,hypothalamus
• EmoSons,moSvaSon,olfactory,behaviorandmemory.
• ThefocusofemoSonalmemoryistheamygdala.
18
![Page 19: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LanguageandSpeech
• StudiesofbrainacSvityhavemappedareasresponsibleforlanguageandspeech
• Broca’sareainthefrontallobeisacSvewhenspeechisgenerated
• Wernicke’sareainthetemporallobeisacSvewhenspeechisheard
• Theseareasbelongtoalargernetworkofregionsinvolvedinlanguage.
![Page 20: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
InformaSonProcessing
• Thecerebralcortexreceivesinputfromsensoryorgansandsomatosensoryreceptors
• SomatosensoryreceptorsprovideinformaSonabouttouch,pain,pressure,temperature,andtheposiSonofmusclesandlimbs
• ThethalamusdirectsdifferenttypesofinputtodisSnctlocaSons
![Page 21: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FrontalLobeFuncSon
• FrontallobedamagemayimpairdecisionmakingandemoSonalresponsesbutleaveintellectandmemoryintact
• ThefrontallobeshaveasubstanSaleffecton“execuSvefuncSons”ofthinkingandmakingdecisions.
![Page 22: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EfferentneuronsAfferentneurons
CentralNervousSystem
(informa8onprocessing)
PeripheralNervousSystem
Sensoryreceptors
Internalandexternal
s8muli
Autonomicnervoussystem
Motorsystem
Controlofskeletalmuscle
Sympathe8cdivision
Parasympathe8cdivision
Entericdivision
Controlofsmoothmuscles,cardiacmuscles,glands
![Page 23: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PeripheralNervousSystemFuncSons
• MotorSystem:NeuronsthatcarrysignalstoskeletalmusclesmainlyasaresponsetoexternalsSmuli.
• AutonomicNervousSystem:involuntarycontroloverorgans
• Parasympathe8cNervousSystem:RestanddigesSon
• Sympathe8cnervousSystem:Fightorflight
23
![Page 24: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ReviewofIndependentPracSce:
• Thecerebrumorcortex:• Cerebellum:• CorpusCallosum:• Hypothalamus:• Hippocampus:• TheLimbicSystem:
24
![Page 25: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ExitTicket:Think-pair-share:
• Ifawomanwithaseveredcorpuscallosumviewedaphotographofafamiliarface,firstinthelecfieldofvisionandthenintherightfield,whywoulditbedifficultforhertoputanametothefaceineitherfield?
25
![Page 26: Nervous Systems: Part IV The organizaon and funcon of ...king.jpschools.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/128/2016/08/GRAPU10-Nervous-systems... · • PNS Divisions: – Cranial nerves](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062912/5cfdd54788c993912c8b9d72/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
EXITTICKETResponse:
• Eachcerebralhemisphereisspecializedfordifferentpartsofthistask-
• therightforfacerecogniSonandthelecforlanguage.
• Withoutanintactcorpuscallosum,neitherhemispherecantakeadvantageoftheother’sprocessingabiliSes.
26