Download - Nephlometry & turbidimetry
TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY
TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY
Presented By -
Mr. Shaise Jacob
Faculty
Nirmala College of Pharmacy
Muvattupuzha, Kerala
India
Email – [email protected]
» Analysis of SuspensionsNEPHELOMETRY – Measurement of scattered light
( opalescence)
TURBIDIMETRY - Measurement of transmitted
light ( turbidity )
» absorption, refraction & reflection → transmitted
Tyndall Effect ..
Scattering of light-
Turbidimetry
↨
Colorimetry
Nephelometry
↨
Fluorimetry
NEPHELOMETRY• ↓ concentration, uniform scattering, intensity of
scatted light proportional to conc. measured at 900
TURBIDIMETRY• ↑ concentration, scattering not uniform, intensity of
transmitted light measured at 1800
Factors affecting measurements• Concentration, Particle geometry, WL of incident
light, RI difference
Nephelometer
Science of Colorimeter
• Tungsten lamp
• Filters- Turbidimeter (blue filter or 530 nm)
Nephelometer (visible filter)
• Sample cells
• Detectors (photometric)
SOP
Nephelometer: Flourimeter → Nephelometer by using a visible filter as secondary filter
TURBIDIMETER
COLORIMETER
Similarity: transmitted light measured measured at 1800
TURBIDIMETER
Similarity:transmitted light measured measured at 1800
Difference: Absorption of radiation
Difference: Scattering of radiation
FLOURIMETRY
Similarity: Emergent radiation measured at 900
Difference:
» emitted radiation measured
» emitted radiation – longer WL than incident light
NEPHELOMETRY
Similarity: Emergent radiation measured at 900
Difference:
» Scattered radiation measured
» emitted radiation – same WL as that of incident light
APPLICATIONS
1. Analysis of water
clarity, conc. of ions
2. Determination of CO2
3. Determination of inorganic substances
Sulphate – barium chloride
Ammonia – Nesslers reagent
Phosphorus – Strychine molybedate
4. Biochemical Analysis
5. Quantitative Analysis – (ppm level)
6. Miscellaneous
Water treatment plants, sewage work, refineries, paper industry
7. Atmospheric pollution
smokes & fogs
8. Determination of mole. Wt of high polymers
9. Phase titration
NEPHLOTURBIDIMETER Two detectors