company confidential
guidance
1977 - NJ CASINO CONTROL ACT
§ 5:12-100 Games and gaming equipment
e. All gaming shall be conducted according to rules promulgated by the
division. All wagers and pay-offs of winning wagers shall be made
according to rules promulgated by the division, which shall establish
such limitations as may be necessary to assure the vitality of casino
operations and fair odds to patrons. Each slot machine shall have a
minimum payout of 83%.
company confidential
need for clarity
The question is, 83% of what?
• Every wager?
• Every day?
• The average return for the casino?
• Each cabinet?
• Each game in each cabinet?
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
(a)Except as otherwise provided in this section, each slot machine game
which requires a wager shall have a theoretical return to player (RTP)
equal to or greater than 83 percent.
Cycle: The number of all possible game outcomes (permutations)
The theoretical RTP is calculated for one cycle of the game.
company confidential
need for clarity
The question is: 83% of what?
3.9.8 Paytable Specific Meters. In addition to the one set of master electronic
accounting meters required above, each individual game available for play shall
have the paytable meters “Credits Bet” (i.e., Coin In) and “Credits Won” (i.e.,
Coin Out) in either credits or dollars. Even if a double up or gamble game is lost,
the initial win amount, and not credits bet amount, shall be recorded in the
game-specific meters.
___
Each individual game must meet the minimum RTP requirements.
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
(b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, all winning
combinations used in achieving the minimum theoretical RTP for each
slot machine game shall be available on each play that requires a wager.
___
This is an assumption made but verified via source code review.
company confidential
drilling down
Inge S. Telnaes
US Patent Number 4,448,419
Electronic gaming device utilizing a random number generator for
selecting the reel stop positions.
company confidential
drilling down
Virtual Reel Technology
Display randomly selected game outcomes
> No secondary decisions
> No near miss
Mapping requirements for fairness of display
> No disproportinate display of blanks or high value symbols
Limitation on odds
Volatility
company confidential
drilling down
Game Volatility
Game volatility is the expression used to describe the frequency of prize
payouts based on the hit table or frequency of pays:
> Low volatile game - steady flow of smaller prizes
> High volatility - higher value awards and more erratic prizes.
Ontario 20.2.1 The intent of the following standards is to avoid
potentially large deviations of a game’s actual payback from its
theoretical payback, and to achieve the minimum required payback
within the game’s expected lifetime.
company confidential
drilling down Ontario 20.3 Award Odds
20.3.1 The top award must not have odds exceeding 17 million : 1. All
other awards and accumulated awards displayed on the gaming
equipment must not have odds exceeding 34 million : 1.
New Jersey 13:69E 1.28A ‐Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
(c) Slot machines shall not offer a play with odds greater than 100 million
to 1.
company confidential
drilling down
Nevada Reg 14 Tech Standards
2.070 Jackpot Odds. If the odds of hitting any advertised jackpot that is
offered by a gaming device exceeds 100 million to one, the odds of the
advertised jackpot must be prominently displayed on the award glass or
video display
GLI 11 v 2.1 3.4.3 Odds. The highest single advertised payout on each
gaming device shall occur, statistically, at least once in 50,000,000
games.
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
(d) The theoretical RTP of a slot machine game shall not decrease by
more than one- hundredth of a percentage point with an increased
wager unless the aggregate total of the decreases in theoretical RTP for
plays offered by the slot machine game is no more than one- half of one
percent.
Straight Flush5 coin wager
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
What’s not included in calculating RTP:
(e) The following shall not be included as a payout when determining
the theoretical RTP of a slot machine:
> A payout of merchandise or thing of value; (in-lieu-of
exception)
> A complimentary; or
> A limited time payout.
___
Cash in lieu of merchandise must equal the minimum value for the RTP.
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
What’s not included in calculating RTP – Future progressive awards:
(f) The projected contribution from a progressive award may count
toward the theoretical RTP of a slot machine in order to achieve the
minimum theoretical RTP as approved by the Division.
Not sure when this rule would be invoked.
company confidential
drilling down
13:69E-1.28A Standards for the approval of a slot machine game
(i) When a slot machine offers a play which permits a patron to risk an
award or make a subsequent wager as an extension of a game outcome,
the slot machine shall:
> Only allow the patron to risk an award if the award can be increased
as a result of continued play; and
> Disclose the optimal strategy or provide mathematically sufficient
information for the patron to derive optimal strategy if the choice
affects the theoretical RTP of the slot machine.
company confidential
final notes
Reflexive Technology is Prohibited> Each game outcome is independent
RNG analysis tested to most strict standards> Diehard battery of tests
Games with skill> RTP calculated using optimal strategy
Fixed Odds
Accuracy in advertising, artwork and help screens
Last game recall requirements
Extensive metering requirements
company confidential
final notes
Source code reviewed to ensure the following are implemented correctly:
> Reel strips
> Weighted tables
> Basic Rules of the game