![Page 1: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Natural Materials
All images copyright. No circulation or copying without permission
Friday 27th October 2017
Dr Jim Carfrae
![Page 2: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main themes: My straw bale house. What natural materials are available? Why use natural materials?
![Page 3: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Totnes straw bale house.
![Page 4: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Straw bale construction
![Page 5: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Straw bale history
![Page 6: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Container City: Reuse/recycle
![Page 20: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cob house: Local materials, built by hand
![Page 21: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Charlie and Megan’s house:
Low impact, under the radar.
![Page 22: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Straw bale cabin: What is the unique feature of this small house?
![Page 23: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What sort of materials are available?
![Page 24: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Structural – Timber, Engineered timber Earth – Cob, Adobe, Rammed earth Straw (plus timber) Hempcrete (plus timber)
Insulation – Cellulose Woodfibre Sheep’s wool Hemp shive
Renewable materials:
![Page 25: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Structural – Steel PFA and GGBS in Concrete (Pulverised Fly Ash, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace slag) Foam Glass – Rubble and Blocks
Insulation – Cellulose (newspaper) Denim Plastic Bottles Wood waste
Recycled materials:
![Page 26: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Use of Timber as structural element. Using iBeams to increase strength, and add depth for insulation
![Page 27: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Use of Timber as structural element. Glulam – Glued, Laminated timber Used for beams to increase spans - and create interesting shapes
![Page 28: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Proprietary system: Timber structure with woodfibre insulation (insulation is by-product of structure)
![Page 29: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Offsite CNC cutting – Fast and clean construction
![Page 30: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Renewable insulation materials
Sheep’s wool Either in manufactured ‘batt’ form, as in Thermafleece (contains a proportion of recycled plastic reinforcement)
![Page 31: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Renewable insulation materials
Blown Cellulose Fiber: Recycled newspaper, blown in place slightly damp. Main supplier ‘Warmcel’ Lambda value:
![Page 32: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Recycled insulation materials
Supaloft – recycled plastic bottles (same as duvet filling)
Ultra Touch – recycled denim
![Page 33: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Foam glass rubble used as insulation under slab
![Page 34: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Why use natural materials? Aesthetic qualities Healthy Homes Environmental impact Locality Renewable Minimising use of fossil fuels
Embodied Energy Calculated through ‘Life Cycle Assessment’
![Page 35: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Embodied energy:
Life Cycle of concrete block
Resource
Extraction
Manufacturing
Processing
Use on Site
Maintenance
/Replacement Demolition
Reuse,
Recycle.
Disposal
Cradle
Gate
Grave
Transport
Transport
Transport
![Page 36: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Quantifying embodied
energy
Inventory of
Carbon and
Energy (ICE)
![Page 37: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Energy in use and Embodied energy: Compare two houses
Operating Energy 73kWh/m2/yr.
Operating Energy 96kWh/m2/yr.
Materials: Timber, straw bale and lime
render.
Embodied Energy:
10,000 kWh
Materials: Concrete, phenolic foam and
cement render
Embodied Energy:
120,000 kWh
![Page 38: Natural Materials - Chudleigh · Why use natural materials? The Totnes straw bale house. Straw bale construction. Straw bale history. Container City: Reuse/recycle ... Hempcrete (plus](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041015/5ec76b81beccf7367261697a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Adapted from Jukka Heinonen
Embodied energy against energy in use
Proportion over 50 years?
Now!