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NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNICATION
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Before the Europeans…
¨ Numerous groups of native tribes living throughout North America
¨ The largest tribe was the Aztec Empire (in what is now Mexico) – numbering in the millions!
¨ Europeans began arriving in the 1490s.
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Native American Communication
The Native Americans passed down stories through storytelling (also known as
“word of mouth” or “the oral tradition”).
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Other forms of communication
While Native Americans did not have a sophisticated system of writing, many tribes used symbolic drawings known as pictographs to communicate stories as well.
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Native American Communication
¨ Two main forms of communication ¤ Storytelling
n “the oral tradition” n Each tribe has a storyteller n Stories are passed down from generation to generation
¤ Pictographs n Drawings n Often found in caves, on trees, or on animal hides
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Topics in Native American Tales
The early Native Americans believed in the cyclical nature of existence.
Examples:
Nature Life
The Cycle The Cycle
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Other Details about Native American Communication
1. practical information about nature 2. moral lessons 3. both animal and human characters 4. stories/chants/actions could be powerful and
make things happen (rain, harvest, successful hunt) 5. ARCHETYPES!
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What‘s an archetype?
• An archetype is a repeated pattern.
• An archetype could be a character, a plot, or an image.
¨ Characters ¤ Evil villain ¤ Helpless victim ¤ The goofball ¤ The hero
¨ Plots ¤ Boy gets girl ¤ Hero defeats villain ¤ The underdog finally wins
¨ Images ¤ Nature as Mother (Mother Nature) ¤ Tree = giver of life ¤ City = Promised Land
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Two European Views
¨ A Puritan settler from England
¨ Wrote about his experiences in a book called Of Plymouth Plantation
¨ Factual account of colonizing America
¨ An explorer from England
¨ Explore and $$$$$ ¨ Mapped the East
Coast ¨ Wrote an
advertisement for America, extreme exaggeration
William Bradford, 1620 John Smith, 1608
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PURITAN LITERATURE Presented this 22 day of August in Puritan-appropriate black and white. Please do not enjoy.
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Puritans
¨ Originated in England ¨ Sought to purify the
Church of England ¨ Persecuted in England
because of their strident beliefs
¨ Fled England and initially relocated in Holland
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Some Puritan Terms
¨ Theocracy – government based on the word of God ¨ Puritan Paradox – fled England to escape
persecution, yet proceeded to persecute others in the New World
¨ Original Sin – the belief that every human is born in sin and therefore all humans are innately sinful
¨ Predestination – the belief that God saves only a chosen few – “The Elect”; you strive to live a decent, sin-free life in order to insure your place in heaven should you be among “The Elect”
¨ Saved by Grace
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Core Puritan Values (not necessarily bad)
¨ Hard work ¨ Simplicity in all aspects
of life (dress, behavior, speech)
¨ Self-reliance ¨ Education (Puritans
established Harvard College in 1636)
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Core Puritan Values (could be necessarily bad)
¨ Sin punished publically ¨ Children were born
sinful and must be constantly corrected, by parents and community
¨ Laughing and sleeping in church punishable publically
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TRAITS OF WRITING
1. Simple
2. Often religious (Biblically based)
3. Very few figures of speech/literary devices (metaphors, “flowery” language)
Examples: --journals
--poems
--sermons