National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory JAPANJAPAN
NNTTSS EELLNTS EL
OIL#58: Shorten test procedure(validation test in phase 1a)
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Trial Tests with Multi Cycle Test Method
• Test vehicle: Leaf (Nissan)
• Test plan
(1)SCT (Single cycle test)
To conduct the range test for each phase.
(2)MCT (Multi cycle test)
To consider MCT of WLTP based on SAE.
(3) Compare SCT and MCT
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Proposed shorten test procedure with MCT based on SAE J1634
Shorten test procedure for WLTC MCT)(
The distance exclude CSCmLow Middle High Ex- High Total
12.36 19.04 14.32 16.5 62.22 km
2356 1732 910 646 5644 sec
km
Eachphase
Low Middle+ High Ex- High+31.40 30.82
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Time (s)
Spee
d (km
/h)
WLTC v5
Low3.09km589s
Middle4.76km433s
High7.16km455s
Ex- High8.25km323s
CSCM
55mph89km/ h( )
CSCE
55mph89km/ h( )
Low13.09km( )
9min 49s
High17.16km( )
7min 35s
Ex- High18.25km( )
5min 23s
Middle14.76km( )
7min 13s
Low23.09km( )
9min 49s
Middle24.76km( )
7min 13s
To prevent uneven condition, number of Low/ Middle1) should be several times.
Before CSCm and after CSCm should be same.2)
Low33.09km( )
9min 49s
High27.16km( )
7min 35s
Ex- High28.25km( )
5min 23s
Middle34.76km( )
7min 13s
Low43.09km( )
9min 49s
Middle44.76km( )
7min 13s
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Test vehicle
4
Condition
4WD Chassis dynamometer FF 2WD mode
Setting weight (for WLTP gtr condition) 1681kg
Ambient temperature deg.C 25
Vehicle condition:2011 Model(ZAA-ZE0)Odometer : 4868 km (before the test)
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Measured Ranges with SCT
Phase Range UBEUsable Battery Capacity
EacAC Recharge Energy
Low 177.1 km 18.7 kWh 23.6 kWh
Middle 170.1 km 19.7 kWh 24.3 kWh
High 147.3 km 20.2 kWh 24.8 kWh
Ex-High 98.5 km 19.5 kWh 24.3 kWh
This SCT test were conducted in the comparison with MCT and only Middle and Ex-High phases were conditioned in this test.
Test Results with SCT
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Example: Measured Discharge Energy with SCT(Middle)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Dis
char
ge E
nerg
y Ed
c W
h
Cycles
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Measured Energy Consumption with MCT
Phase Distance km Edc WhDischarge Energy
ECdc Wh/kmEnergy Consumption
Low1 3.10 377 121.6 Middle1 4.75 632 133.2 High1 7.12 986 138.4
Ex-High1 8.25 1652 200.3 Middle2 4.75 542 114.0
Low2 3.10 335 108.2 CSCM 50.25 7537 150.0 Low3 3.09 335 108.6
Middle3 4.74 552 116.5 High2 7.11 970 136.4
Ex-High2 8.24 1651 200.3 Middle4 4.75 539 113.6
Low4 3.08 336 109.1 CSCE 24.26 3495 144.1
Usable Discharge Energy 19.9 kWh
Usable Discharge Energy is the summation of Edc.
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
SOC variation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
driv
e le
ngth
km
SO
C
phase
START SOC
END SOC
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
The range with MCT was estimated by the following equations.
Energy Consumption Wh/km = k1×EC1+ k2×EC2 + k3×EC3+ k4×EC4
Range km = (Usable Discharge Energy Wh) / (Energy Consumption Wh/km)
For middle range;Energy Consumption Wh/km = k1×ECmiddle1+ k2×ECmiddle2 +
k3×ECmiddle3+ k4×ECmiddle4
= 115.3 Wh/km
Range km =19.9 kWh/ 115.3 Wh/km = 172.9 km
k1=(Discharge Energy for the first Cycle Wh) / (Usable Discharge Energy Wh)
k2= k3= k4 =(1- k1)/3
Where,
k1 = 632 Wh / 19.9 kWh = 0.03
k2 = k3 = k4 = (1- k1)/3 = 0.32
Calculation equations for ranges with MCT
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Phase Measured Range
(SCT)
Estimated Range
(MCT)
Comparison
SCT vs MCT
Low 177.1km 183.2km 6.1km 3.6%
Middle 170.1km 172.9km 2.8km 1.7%
High 147.3km 146.1km 1.2km 0.8%
Ex-High 98.5km 99.5km 1.0km 1.1%
The results show that the error was small. Thus, it is considered that the shorten test procedure with MCT is usable.
Time reduction effect with the shorten test procedure with MCT
The measurement of four ranges with SCT consumed 22:00.
The measurement of four ranges with MCT consumed 3:30.
Estimated Range with MCT
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Ranges Single Cycle Test Shorten test procedure
WLTC range only 3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for re-charge
3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for re-charge
WLTC range and WLTC city range
5aysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for chargeDay4 for WLTP city SCTDay5 for re-charge
3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTCalculation is applied for WLTP city rangeDay3 for re-charge
WLTC range,Low phase range,Middle phase range,High phase range and Extra High phase range
11daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTDay3 for chargeDay4 for Low phase SCTDay5 for chargeDay6 for Middle phase SCTDay7 for chargeDay8 for High phase SCTDay9 for chargeDay10 for extra High phase SCTDay11 for re-charge
3daysDay1 for chargeDay2 for WLTP SCTCalculation is applied for other rangesDay3 for re-charge
Effect in duration reduction for tests
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Single Cycle Test Shorten test procedure
Range [km] UBE [Wh] DC electricity consumption [Wh/km]
method Constant speed NA Affected NA
Cycle sequenceOrder of phases
NA NA Affected
Cycle configurationLength of CSC
NA NA Affected
Measurement Speed pattern tracing Strongly affectedEspecially for the final cycle
NA Affected
Robustness: Can the both test procedures produce good agreements on results with other
PEVs?⇒ Demand for validation tests
Concerns
Fluctuation: Influencing factors on range measurement
National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratoryNational Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 、、 JAPANJAPANNNTTSS EELLNTS EL
Fluctuation in single cycle test
0
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-150
-100
-50
0
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0 500 1000 1500
vehi
cle
spee
d km
/h
curr
ent A
time s
current
vehicle speed
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-150
-100
-50
0
50
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0 500 1000 1500
vehi
cle
spee
d km
/h
curr
ent A
time s
current
vehicle speed
Measured range was 157.1 km Measured range was 149.2 km
Comparison of current and speed at 10th cycle
No power downTracing in 11th cycle was available
Power down at this timingTracing in 11th cycle was not available
•The variation of range is sensitive to driving situations in high speed parts of the cycle.
•If the test vehicle is driven successfully during high speed tracing, the range will be long. If it is not, the range will be short.