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Section 1 – Cells, tissues & organs
*National 4/5 Biology- Multicelluar Organisms
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*Re-Cap
*1) Name 3 types of tissue in humans.
*2) Name 1 type of tissue in plants
*3) For each can you name a particular specialised cell found in that tissue
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*Learning Outcomes
*Today we will learn:
*- the structure and function of a variety of cells in plants and animals
*- why these specialised cells are suited to their particular functions
*-
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Head contains enzymes & nucleus
Tail Designed to fertilise eggs.
Found in the testes
Can you think why these two features are important?
SPECIALISED CELLS – ANIMALS
SPERM CELLS
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SPERM CELL
The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into an egg cell and join with it.
Head contains enzymes & nucleus
Tail
Designed to Fertilise eggs.
A sperm’s long tail provides movement so it can swim and find an egg cell.
Found in the Testes
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EGG (OVUM) CELL
Designed to be fertilised
Found in the ovaries
Cytoplasm
Egg membrane
Nucleus
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CILIATED CELL Designed to stop lung
damage
They line all the air passages in the lungs
They have tiny hairs called cilia.
Cilia sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat.
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RED BLOOD CELL
•Designed to carry oxygen •Found in blood.•Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through. •Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen.•Has no nucleus
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CHEEK EPITHELIAL CELL
Have a flat, irregular shapeForm layers which protect the skin surface
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NEURONES - a type of nerve cell
Have a long cytoplasm- insulated with myelin
Transfer nerve signals
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*Your Task
*Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different animal cells
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Specialised cells & functions -animalsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance
Blood
Nerve
Cheek epithelium
Ciliated epithelium
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Specialised cells & functions -animalsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance
Blood red blood cell
small & biconcave
transport of oxygen (rich in haemoglobin)
Nerve neurone long, insulated cytoplasm
transfer of nerve impulses
Cheek epithelium
epithelial flat, irregular shape
protection of mouth lining
Ciliated epithelium
ciliated ‘hair-like’ cilia on surface
sweeping away of dirty mucus
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SPECIALISED CELLS - PLANTS
Designed for photosynthesis
- packed with chloroplasts
Found near the top of a leaf
Has a large surface area
- to absorb water and minerals.
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
PALISADE MESOPHYLL CELL
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ROOT HAIR CELL
Long extension for absorbing
•Thin cell wall makes it easy for minerals to pass through.
•Large surface area•- helps absorb water and minerals. •Found in a plant root.
Vacuole
Cell membrane
thin cell wall
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GUARD CELL
Have a sausage shapeThick inner cell wall
Can stretch to open a pore
These pores are called stomata
Stomata allow gases to enter/exitplants
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XYLEM & PHLOEM
Xylem are hollow vesselsLined with lignin
Help transport water
Phloem run alongside xylemThey have companion cells - control the phloem
Phloem transports sugar
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*Your Task
*Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different plant cells
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Specialised cells & functions - plantsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance
Epidermis
Leaf Vein
Root
Mesophyll
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Specialised cells & functions - plantsTissue Cell Type Structure Function Appearance
Epidermis Guard Cell Sausage shape. Thick inner cell wall
Open and close stomata
Xylem Hollow tube, strengthened with lignin
Support and water transport
Root Root Hair Long extension
Absorption of water & minerals
Mesophyll Palisade Mesophyll
Chloroplasts present. Columnar shape.
Light absorption & photosynthesis
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*Your Task
*You will now be given a set of cards with types of cells, and their functions and features
*You are required to match the cards under the following headingsPicture Name Location Structural
Feature(s)