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Beata Trawinski
SFB 441
Universität Tü[email protected]
12th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar,
University of Lisbon, Portugal, 23–24 August 2005
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.1
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Comitative Construction
Comitative constructions are expressions that
involve a PP headed by the preposition with and
denote a relation between two (sets of) individuals /objects such that either
the one accompanies the other in an action / event /situation denoted by the predicate or
they are members of a set of equal participantsinvolved in an action / event / situation denoted bythe predicate.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.2
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Typology of Polish Comitative Constructions
(1) JanJan.SG
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR.SG
wyjechał.left.SG
‘Jan left with Maria.’
(2) JanJan.SG
wyjechałleft..INSTR.SG
zwith
Maria.Maria.INSTR.SG
‘Jan left with Maria.’
(3) JanJan.SG
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR.SG
wyjechali.left.PL
‘Jan and Maria left.’
(4) Mywe
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR.SG
wyjechalismy.left.PL
T1: ‘We left with Maria.’T2: ‘Maria and I left.’T3: ‘Maria and the rest of us left.’
(5) propro
Zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR.SG
wyjechalismy.left.PL
T1: ‘We left with Maria.’T2: ‘Maria and I left.’T3: ‘Maria and the rest of us left.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.3
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Plural Comitative Constructions
(6) JanJan.SG
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR.SG
wyjechali.left.PL
‘Jan and Maria left.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.4
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Overview
Crucial properties of PCCs
Previous analyses of PCCsCoordination-based approachesComplementation-based approachesAdjunction-based approaches
Our proposal
Summary and Outlook
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.5
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Number Resolution in PCCs
(7) a. JanJan.SG
zwith
MariaMaria.SG
wyjechali.left.PL
‘Jan and Maria left.’
b. PiotrPiotr
zobaczyłsaw
JanaJan.SG
zwith
Maria,Maria.SG
którzywho.PL
własniejust
przyszli.arrived
‘Piotr saw Jan and Maria, who just arrived.’
c. JanJan.SG
zwith
Maria,Maria.SG
zaproszeniinvited.PL
przezby
Piotra,Piotr
przyszliarrived
puktualnie.on time
‘Jan and Maria, invited by Piotr, arrived on time.’
� � The value of the number category of PCCs must be plural.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.6
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Gender System of Polish
GENDER EXAMPLE
masculine-human / virile (m1) chłopiec ‘boy’
masculine-animal (m2) pies ‘dog’
masculine-inanimate (m3) stół ‘table’
feminine (fem) dziewczyna ‘girl’
neuter (neut) okno ‘window’
(Saloni and Swidzinski 1998), (Manczak 1956)
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.7
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Gender Resolution in PCCs I
(8) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
Ojciecfather.M1
zwith
synemson.M1
‘The father and the son’
Ojciecfather.M1
zwith
psemdog.M2
‘The father and the dog’
Ojciecfather.M1
zwith
laptopemlaptop.M3
‘The father and the laptop’
Ojciecfather.M1
zwith
matkamother.FEM
‘The father and the mother’
Ojciecfather.M1
zwith
dzieckiemchild.NEUT
‘The father and the child’
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
Synson.M1
zwith
ojcemfather.M1
‘The son and the father’
Piesdog.M2
zwith
ojcemfather.M1
‘The dog and the father’
Laptoplaptop.M3
zwith
ojcemfather.M1
‘The laptop and the father’
Matkamother.FEM
zwith
ojcemfather.M1
‘The mother and the father’
Dzieckochild.NEUT
zwith
ojcemfather.M1
‘The child and the father’
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
lezelilay.M1
naon
kanapie.couch
‘lay on the couch.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.8
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Gender Resolution in PCCs II
(9) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
Notesnote-book.M2
zwith
psemdog.M2
‘The note-book and the dog’
Notesnote-book.M2
zwith
długopisemballpen.M3
‘The note-book and the ballpen’
Notesnote-book.M2
zwith
gumkaeraser.FEM
‘The note-book and the eraser’
Notesnote-book.M2
zwith
radiemradio.NEUT
‘The note-book and the radio’
Piesdog.M3
zwith
kotemcat.M3
‘The dog and the cat’
Piesdog.M3
zwith
miskadish.FEM
‘The dog and the dish’
Piesdog.M3
zwith
dzieckiemchild.NEUT
‘The dog and the child’
Matkamother.FEM
zwith
córkadaughter.FEM
‘The mother and the doughter’
Matkamother.FEM
zwith
dzieckiemchild.NEUT
‘The mother and the child’
Dzieckochild.NEUT
zwith
jabłkiemapple.NEUT
‘The child and the apple’
� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
Piesdog.M2
zwith
notesemnote-book.M2
‘The dog and the note-book’
Długopisballpen.M3
zwith
notesemnote-book.M2
‘The ballpen and the note-book’
Gumkaeraser.FEM
zwith
notesemnote-book.M2
‘The eraser and the note-book’
Radioradio.NEUT
zwith
notesemnote-book.M2
‘The radio with the note-book’
Kotcat.M3
zwith
psemdog.M3
‘The cat and the dog’
Miskadish.FEM
zwith
psemdog.M3
‘The dish and the dog’
Dzieckochild.NEUT
zwith
psemdog.M3
‘The child and the dog’
Córkadaughter.FEM
zwith
matkamother.FEM
‘The doughter and the mother’
Dzieckochild.NEUT
zwith
matkamother.FEM
‘The child and the mother’
Jabłkoapple.NEUT
zwith
dzieckiemchild.NEUT
‘The apple and the child’
� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
lezałylay.NON-M1
naon
kanapie.couch
‘lay on the couch.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.9
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Gender Resolution in PCCs III
Further evidence for the involvement of each NPin a PCC in the gender resolution is provided by
relative pronoun constructions and
attributive modification.
� Both NPs participate in gender resolution.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.10
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Person Resolution
(10) a. JaI.1ST
zwith
tobayou.2ND
pracujemy.work.1ST
‘You and I work.’
b. JaI.1ST
zwith
nimhe.3RD
pracujemy.work.1ST
‘He and I work.’
c. Tyyou.2ND
zwith
nimhe.3RD
pracujecie.work.2ND
‘He and You work.’
� � Both NPs participate in person resolution.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.11
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Coreference
(11) a. [JaniJan
zwith
Mariaj]kMaria
odwiedzilivisited
swego*i/*j/kPOSS.RFL.PRN
przyjaciela.friend
‘Jan and Maria visited their friend.’
b. [JaniJan
zwith
Mariaj]kMaria
chcieliwanted
PRO*i/*j/kPRO
wyjechac.leave
‘Jan and Maria wanted to leave.’
c. PRO*i/*j/kPRO
odwiedziwszyhaving visited
przyjaciela,friend
[JaniJan
zwith
Mariaj]kMaria
wyjechali.left
‘Having visited the friend, Jan and Maria left.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.12
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Summary of Present Observations
The number of the NP z NP cluster is plural.
Both NPs participate in the gender resolution.
Both NPS participate in the person resolution.
The NP z NP cluster acts as a controller of possessivereflexive pronouns and PRO subjects.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.13
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Vassilieva and Larson (2001)
DP � P(z) DP �
DP
DP � CONJ(i ) DP �DP
The analysis of (Vassilieva and Larson 2001) causes the following problems:
It is not clear how the case assignment to DP � should work.
Inversion of DP � and DP � cannot be ruled out and thus ungrammatical sentences such as that in (12) cannotbe blocked:
(12) a. JanJan
zwith
MariaMaria
wyjechali.left
‘Jan and Maria left.’b. *Maria
Maria.INSTzwith
JanJan
wyjechali.left
The analysis cannot account for grammatical structures such as that in (13), where besides the preposition z,a conjuction i ‘and’ is present.
(13) EwaEwa
zwith
MariaMaria
iand
zwith
JankiemJanek
pojechaliwent
doto
Reno.Reno
‘Ewa, Maria and Janek went to Reno.’ [(Dyła 1988)]
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.14
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Dyła (1988)
NP
P(z) NP.INSTR
NP.INSTR
H H
NP
This conjunctionless multi-headed analysis is problematic for the following reason:
It cannot explain the differences in the distribution of possessive pronouns in ordinary binarycoordinate structures and in PCCs (cf. (McNally 1993)):
(14) a. Zarównoboth
JanJan
jakas
iand
jegohis
//*swojaPOSS.RFL.PRN
zonawife
wyjechali.left
‘Both Jan and his wife left.’b. Jan
Janz(e)with
?jegohis
//?swojaPOSS.RFL.PRN
zonawife
wyjechali.left
‘Jan left with his wife.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.15
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Dyła and Feldman (to appear)
NP
PP(z) NP.INSTR
H C
PP
H H
NP
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.16
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Grammatical Category I
(15) a. JanJan
iand
MariaMaria
przyszli.came
NP + NP
‘Jan and Maria came.’b. Jan
Janprzyszedł,came
alebut
juzalready
wyszedł.left
VP + VP
‘Jan came but he already left.’
c. Kupiłbought.3RD.SG
duzybig
iand
wygodnycomfortable
rower.bike
AP + AP
‘He bought a big and comfortable bike.’
(16) a. Kupiłbought.3RD.SG
ksiazkibooks
iand
poPREP
zeszycie.exercise book
NP + PP
‘He bought books and one exercise book of every kind.’
b. Doradziładvised.3RD.SG
muhim
wyjazddeparture
iand
zebyCOMP
nienot
wracał.came back.3RD.SG
NP + COMPP
‘He advised him to leave and never come back.’c. Wie
knowsoabout
wypadkuaccident
iand
zeCOMP
wszystkoevertything
sieRM
dobrzewell
skonczyło.ended
PP + COMPP
‘He knows about the accident and that everything ended up well.’
d. Odpowiadałanswered.3RD.SG
szybkoquickly
iand
bezwithout
zastanowienia.thinking
AdvP + PP
‘He was answering quickly and without thinking.’
e. Przyjedziewill come.3RD.SG
jesieniaautumn
lubor
naon
wiosne.spring
NP + PP
‘He’ll come in autumn or in spring.’
[(Kupsc et al. 2000)], [(Przepiórkowski et al. 2002)]Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.17
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Grammatical Category II
(17) a. JanJan
iand
MariaMaria
przyszli.came
NP + NP
‘Jan and Maria came.’
b. *JanJan
przyszedłcame
zwith
juzalready
wyszedł.left
VP + VP
c. *Kupiłbought.3RD.SG
duzybig
zz
wygodnycomfortable
rower.bike
AP + AP
d. *Kupiłbought3RD.SG
ksiazkibooks
zz
poPREP
zeszycie.exercise book
NP + PP
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.18
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Case I
(18) a. JanJan.NOM
iand
MariaMaria.NOM
przyszli.came
‘Jan and Maria came.’
b. Nienot
zaprosilismyinvited.1ST.PL
JanaJan.GEN
iiMarii.Maria.GEN
‘We did not invite Jan and Maria.’
c. JanowiJan.DAT
iand
MariiMaria.DAT
jestis
zimno.cold
‘Jan and Maria are cold.’
d. Nienot
przejmujcare.2ND, SING
sieRM
wcaleat all
JanemJan.INSTR
iand
Maria!Maria.INSTR.
‘Don’t care about Jan and Maria!’
e. Rozmawiamytald.1ST.SG
oabout
JanieJan.LOC
iand
Marii.Maria.LOC
‘We are talking about Jan and Maria.’
f. Zobaczylismysaw.1ST.SG
JanaJan.ACC
iand
Marie.Maria.ACC
‘We saw Jan and Mary.’Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.19
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Case II
(19) a. JanJan.NOM
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR
przyszli.came
‘Jan and Maria came.’
b. Nienot
zaprosilismyinvited.1ST.PL
JanaJan.GEN
zwith
Maria.Maria.INSTR
‘We did not invite Jan and Maria.’
c. JanowiJan.DAT
zwith
MariaMaria.INSTR
dalismygave.1ST.PL
ksiazke.book
‘We gave Jan and Maria a book.’
d. Nienot
przejmujcare.2ND.SG
sieRM
wcaleat all
JanemJan.INSTR
zwith
Maria!Maria.INSTR.
‘Don’t care about Jan and Maria!’
e. Rozmawiamytald.1ST.SG
oabout
JanieJan.LOC
zwith
Maria.Maria.INSTR
‘We are talking about Jan and Maria.’
f. Zobaczylismysaw.1ST.SG
JanaJan.ACC
zwith
Maria.Maria.INSTR
‘We saw Jan and Mary.’Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.20
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Pro-Drop
(20) COO
a. Onhe
iand
MariaMaria
poszliwent
doto
kina.cinema
‘He and Maria went to the cinema.’
b. *propro
Iand
MariaMaria
poszliwent
doto
kina.cinema
(21) PCC
a. OnHe
zwith
bratembrother
poszliwent
doto
kina.cinema
‘He and his brother went to the cinema.’
b. propro
Zwith
bratembrother
poszliwent
doto
kina.cinema
‘He and his brother went to the cinema.’
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.21
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Feldman (2002) I
���� �!��� �!���!� ���!��"
word
PHON
#
s
$
SYNS
����!� ���!� "
LOC
����!� ���!� "
CAT
��!�!��"
HEAD noun
VAL
�"SUBJ
#
NPnpro$
COMPS#
NPnpro
%
instr
& $'
('
)!)!)�(
CONT | INDEX | NUM plur
')�)!) )�)!) (
')�)!) )�)!) (
')�) )!)�) )!)�)!) )�)!)�(
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.22
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Feldman (2002) II
*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10
SYNS 3
*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10
LOC
*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10
CAT
*,+-+.+-+10
HEAD 4
VAL
*20SUBJ
34
COMPS
34 5265,7-7.7-716
CONT
*8+-+.+10
npro
INDEX i
RESTR 1
587-7.7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-716
*8+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+/0PHON
3s
4SYNS
*8+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+10LOC
*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+/0CAT
*9+.+-+.+.+/0HEAD 4 noun
VAL
*,+.0SUBJ
:
3
;
COMPS
:
6
; 5,7.6597.7-7.7.7/6
CONT 5
597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7/6587.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-716
587.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7/6
*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10
SYNS 6
*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10
LOC
*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10
CAT
*9+/+-+-+/+-+10
HEAD noun
CASE instr
VAL
*20SUBJ
34
COMPS
34 526597/7-7-7/7-716
CONT
*20INDEX j
RESTR 2
526587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716
H C
*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0SYNS*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0LOC
*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0CAT
*8+-+.+.+10HEAD 4
VAL
*20SUBJ
:
3
;
COMPS
34 526587-7.7.716
CONT 5
597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6
C H
*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10
SYNS
*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10
LOC
*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10
CAT
*8+-+-+/+.0
HEAD 4
VAL
*20SUBJ
34
COMPS
34 526587-7-7/7.6
CONT 5
*20INDEX i + j
RESTR 1 < 2
526597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.23
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McNally (1993) I
NP<e>
P(z) NPinstr <e>
H C
PP<e>
H A
NP
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.24
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McNally (1993) II
(22) *Kazdyeach
chłopakboy.SG
zwith
kazdaeach
dziewczynagirl.INSTR.SG
odtanczylidanced.PL
polkepolka
nain
srodkumiddle
pokoju..room
(23)
=?> @A BC @ > D E dance’@ > D DGF =C @IH JLK M @ C D E dance’
@ C D D
(24)
=?> =C @A BC @ > DF H JLK M @ C D E dance’
@ > N C D D
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.25
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McNally (1993) III
Further problems:
the modifiability of the z-PP by collectivizingadverbs, such as razem ‘together’, wraz‘together’, łacznie ‘jointly’, wespół ‘jointly’,wspólnie ‘together / jointly’, włacznie‘inclusive’, etc.,
gender and person resolution.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.26
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Our Proposal: LE of z ‘with’
*8+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+10
wordPHON
3
z
4
ARG-ST
O *9+.+-+-+/+/0LOC
*8+-+.+.+10
CAT
P
HEAD | MORSYN
P
nounARG | CASE instr
Q Q
CONT
*,0INDEX 1 | NUMBER sg
RESTR
RS
NUCL | INSTANCE 1
TU < 2
5,6587-7.7.716597.7-7-7/7/6V
SYNS | LOC
*8+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+/0
CAT
*9+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+10HEAD | MORSYN
*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+10
prepPFORM z
MOD
*,+-+.+-+.+10LOC
*8+-+-+/+.0
CAT
P
HEAD | MORSYN | nounVAL | COMPS
34 QCONT
*,0INDEX 3 | NUMBER sg
RESTR
RS
NUCL | INSTANCE 3
TU < 4
5,6587-7-7/7.65,7-7.7-7.716
587-7/7-7-7/7-7-716597.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-716
CONT
*9+.+.+-+.+/0
INDEX e
RESTR
WYXZXZ[\X]XZ^*9+/+.0NUCL
*9+/+.0conjoin-rel
INST e
CONJUNCTS
R1 , 3
U597/7.6597/7.6_ XZXZ`\X]XZa
597.7.7-7.7/6
587-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7/6587-7/7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-716
b
( 4 neset
c 2 neset )
b
( 4 esetc 2 eset )
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.27
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Our Proposal: Number Resolution
THE PRINCIPLE FOR NUMBER RESOLUTION
defehg
head-adjunct-structure
ADJUNCT-DTR | SYNS
i
LOC
dgCAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFROM z
CONT | RESTR
jk
NUCL conjoin-rel
l
, m m m no
po
qfqhp � �
kSYNS | LOC | CONT | INDEX | NUMBER plural
l
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.28
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Our Proposal: Gender Resolution
THE PRINCIPLE FOR GENDER RESOLUTION
r
1
r
3*8+-+-+/+-+-+/+.0
head-adjunct-structure
ADJUNCT-DTR
*8+-+/+-+10SYNS
s
LOC
*8+-+/+-+10
CAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFORM z
CONT | RESTR
R S
NUCL CONJUNCTS 1
T
, ...
U
CONX | BACKGROUND 3
587-7/7-716587-7/7-716
587-7-7/7-7-7/7.6 t cu9v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v.v-v.v/wu8v.wS SYNS
s
LOC | CONT
xINDEX | GENDER m1
y T
b z 2
{member
{2
xGENDER m1
y, 1
| | }8~.� �
u8v.v/wS
SYNS
sLOC
SCONT
xINDEX | GENDER m1
�
non-m1
y T T
b � z 2
{member
{2
x
GENDER m1
�
m2
y
, 1
| | � � � z 4
{
member
{
4 male, 3
| | �}8~.~/�
}9~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~.~-~.~/�
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.29
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Our Proposal: Person Resolution
THE PRINCIPLE FOR PERSON RESOLUTION
r
1*,+-+.+/0
head-adjunct-structure
ADJUNCT-DTR
*,0SYNS
s
LOC
*,0CAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFORM z
CONT | RESTR
R S
NUCL CONJUNCTS 1
T
, ...
U 5,6 5,65,7-7.7/6 t c
u9v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v.v-v.v.v-v-v/v-v-v-v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v/wu8v/wS SYNS
s
LOC | CONT
x
INDEX | PERSON 1st
y T
b z 2
{
member
{
2
x
PERSON 1st
y, 1
| | }8~/� �
u,v-v/wS
SYNS
s
LOC | CONT
x
INDEX | PERSON 2nd
y T
b � z 2
{
member
{2
xPERSON 2nd
y, 1
| | b�� z
3
{
member
{
3
x
PERSON 1st
y
, 1
| | �},~-~/� �
u9v/v-v-v/v-w*20SYNS
sLOC | CONT
*20INDEX | PERSON 3rd
RESTR
R S
NUCL | CONJUNCTS 1
T
, ...
U 526 526
b �� z2
�2
xPERSON 2nd
y b
member
{
2 , 1
| � b�� z
3
�
3
x
PERSON 1st
y b
member
{
3 , 1
| � �}9~/~-~-~/~-�
}9~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~.~-~.~.~-~-~/~-~-~-~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~/�
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.30
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Our Proposal: Semantic Principles
(1) SEMANTIC COMPOSITIONALITY PRINCIPLE
In any well-formed phrase structure, the mother’sRESTR value is the sum of the RESTR values of thedaughters.
(25) SEMANTIC INHERITANCE PRINCIPLE
In any headed phrase except for the head-adjunctphrase in which the adjunct daughter is headed bythe comitative preposition z, the mother’s INDEX
values are identical to those of the head daughter.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.31
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Our Proposal: The Structure of PCCs
�Y�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���Z�
PHON
3
Jan
4
SYNS9
���]�Z�Z���LOC
���]�Z�Z���CAT | HEAD7 | MORSYN | AGR sg
CONT | INDEX8
| GENDER m1
���]�Z�Z��� ���]�Z�Z����Y�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���Z�
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z���
PHON
3z
4SYNS
�Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���LOC
�Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���CAT
�Y���]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���HEAD10
| MORSYN
�Y���Z� prep
MOD9
�Y���Z�
VAL | COMPS
312
4�Y���]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���
CONT11
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z���INDEX
14
RESTR3
����������������������Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�
conjoin-rel
INST14
CONJUNCTS
�
8,
13
��Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�� �������������������
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z����Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]����Y�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z����Y�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���Z�
PHON
3
Maria
4
SYNS12
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z���LOC
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z���CAT
���HEAD noun
CASE instr
���
CONT | INDEX13
| GENDER fem
�Y���Z�]�Z�Z����Y���Z�]�Z�Z���
�Y�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���Z�
H C�Y�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z���
PHON
3
z, Maria
4SYNS
�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�LOC
�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�CAT
�Y�Z�]�Z���HEAD10
| MOD9
VAL | COMPS
3 4 �Y�Z�]�Z���CONT
11
�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z��Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�
�Y�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z���H A
���]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�
PHON
3
Jan, z, Maria
4
SYNS6
| LOC
�Y�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z���
CAT | HEAD7 | MORSYN | AGR sg
CONT
���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���]���INDEX5
�Y�Z�]�Z���NUMBER pl
GENDER m1
PERSON 3rd
�Y�Z�]�Z���
REST3
���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���]����Y�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z���
���]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�
�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���PHON
3wyjechali
4
SYNS | LOC
���]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]���
CAT
���]�Z�Z�]���HEAD1
x
MORSYN verb | AGR5
y
VAL | SUBJ
3
6
4 ���]�Z�Z�]���
CONT
�Y�Z�Z�]�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z���
INDEX2
RESTR4
����������������������Y�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�Z�NUCL |
�Y�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�Z�
leave-rel
INST2
LEAVER5
�Y�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�Z��Y�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�Z�� �������������������
�Y�Z�Z�]�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z������]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]���
�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���
S H
���]�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���
PHON
3
Jan, z, Maria, wyjechali
4
SYNS | LOC
�Y�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]���
CAT
�Y�Z�Z�]���HEAD1
VAL | SUBJ
3 4 �Y�Z�Z�]���
CONT
�Y���]�Z�Z�INDEX2
RESTR3
<
4
�Y���]�Z�Z��Y�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]���
���]�Z�]�Z���]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]���Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z���]���
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.32
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Summary and Outlook
Crucial properties of Polish PCCs have been discussed.
Previous analyses of PCCs have been presented.
An HPSG approach has been proposed that accounts for
number, gender and person resolution,
coreference phenomena inside and outside of PCCs,
modifiability by collectivizing adverbs,
mixed agreement.
In future work, other types of comitative constructions will beinvestigated with a view to get a uniform treatment of allPolish comitatives.
Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.33
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