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Myanmar:TowardsUniversalAccesstoElectricityby2030
XiaopingWang,ESMAP,WorldBank
MaungWin,MinistryofAgriculture,LivestockandIrrigation,Myanmar
Bangkok,June21,2016
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS2
• CountryandSectorOverview• SE4ALLEngagementinMyanmar• Nationalelectrificationplan(NEP)towarduniversalaccessby2030
• Implementationprogresstodate
Outline
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS3
CountryandSectorOverview
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS4
CountryOverview
Land Area: 261,319 sq mile (678,500 sq km)
Population: 53.9 million
States/Regions: 15
GDP per capita: US$1,190
Triple transitions since 2011:• from an authoritarian military system to
democratic governance;• from a centrally directed economy to
market oriented reforms;• from 60 years of conflict to peace in the
border areas.• First democratically elected government
tookoffice in April 2016
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS5
VeryRichNaturalEnergyResources
Oilandgasfields(11.8tcf gasreserves) Hydropowerpotentialabout100GW
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS6
LowPerCapitaEnergyConsumptionandElectrificationRate
• Solidfuels(biomass)representabouttwothirdsofthetotalprimaryenergysupply
• Electricityconsumptionpercapitaisoneofthelowestintheworld(263kWh/year)
• Gridelectrificationratioincreasedfrom16%in2006to34%in2015
• Averageelectrificationratioinruralareasisabout16%
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS7
RapidlyGrowingElectricityDemand(~10%/yr)
No. Year
TotalConsumption
(kWh - million)
Electrified HouseholdPer Capital
Consumption(kWh / yr)
No of Household (Million)
Percentage
1 2010-2011 6,467.30 2.22 25% 108
2 2011-2012 7,876.72 2.42 26% 131
3 2012-2013 8.441.04 2.63 28% 141
4 2013-2014 9,795.09 2.91 31% 163
5 2014-2015 11,406.76 3.26 29% 222
6 2015-2016 13,550.267 3.70 34% 263
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS8
SE4ALLEngagementinMyanmar
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS9
GovernmentCommitmenttoUniversalAccessAlignswithUNSustainableEnergyforALL(SE4ALL)Objectives
• Myanmar wasanearlyendorseroftheUNSE4ALLInitiative
• Myanmaranhighimpactcountry- MyanmarisidentifiedasoneofthehighimpactcountriesthatofferthemostpotentialtomakerapidprogressbySE4ALL.
• Myanmarwasoneofthefirst10countrieswhichreceivedapproximately$2milliongrantsupportfromtheWorldBank/ESMAPSE4ALLTechnicalAssistanceProgramin2013todevelopanationalelectrificationplan(NEP)andinvestmentprospectus.
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS10
Government Ownership andCoordination
• MOEE(formerlyMOEP)andMOALI(formerlyMLFRD)jointlyleadtheNEPpreparationwithparticipationfromothergovernmentagenciesandassistancefromtheWorldBank.
• MOEPandMLFRDco-manageconsultantstogetherwithWorldBank.Thisincludesstrategicguidance,datacollection,reviewofkeydeliverables,anddisseminationoftheresults.
• ConsultantsworkcloselywiththegovernmentteamsthroughouttheNEPpreparationprocess
• ClosecoordinationwithADB,JICAandotherDPs,privatesectorandCSOs.
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS11
Processes andMilestones
May2013
OpenDialoguewithGov &otherstakeholdersandstartNEPprep
- StartplanningandpublicconsultationprocessforNEP
September2015
WBApprove$400mIDAProject
- Firstproject tosupport NEPimplementation
- Additional $200mmobilized
September2014
PresentDraftFinalNEP
- Gov Adopted NEPandestablishedNEEC
- Initiation ofIDAprojectpreparation
June2016
- Implementationunderway- FirstICBopenedbidsinMay
-FirstNEPResultsonthegroundExpectedinend2016
Activities
Outputs
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS12
ObjectivesofMyanmarNationalElectrificationPlan(NEP)2015-30
• Toserveascomprehensiveactionplanfordeveloping,financing,andimplementingelectricityaccessscale-upprogramnationwide,withthetargetofachievinguniversalaccessby2030.
• Toalignsupportfromdifferentstakeholderstoimplementnationalaccesstargets,leverageconcessionalfinancingandmobilizeothersourcesoffinancingonatimely,ongoingandprogrammaticbasis.
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS13
Stakeholders
Government
DevelopmentPartners
Utility
RegulatoryAuthority
LocalGovernment
SectorMinistries
PrivateStakeholders
Consumers
KeyFeatures:} Coordinatedleast-costtechnicalandinvestmentplanning
} Sustainablefinancingpolicy
} Stableflowoffunds
} Resultsfocused
NEPAdoptsaProgrammatic,Sector-wideApproach
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS14
MyanmarNationalElectrificationPlantowarduniversalaccessby2030
- KeyMessages
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Note: This map shows all settlement points thesame size (regardlessof population), overstatingelectrification with non-grid options (mini-gridand off-grid /solar home systems)
Least-costrecommendationfor2030
• By2030,themajorityare gridconnections
• Thisrepresents7.2millionhouseholds
• Totalcostisestimatedat US$6.0billion(US$800perconnection,average)
• Additionalinvestmentsneededforgeneration&transmission
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS16
RoadmaptoAchieveUniversalAccessby2030
16
Today
2030Planned
20152020
2025
2030
34%50%
75%
100%
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17
RecommendedSequencingofGridRoll-outproceedsfromlow-costtohigh-costconnections
• Denseareasrequireshorterdistributionlinesandlowercostperconnectionandwillbeconnectedfirst
• Remotecommunitiesrequirelongerlinesandhighercostandwillbeconnectedlater
• Chin,Shan,KachinandKayahhavehighestcostperconnection,thustobeconnectedinthefinalphases
Connectedearlier
Connectedlater
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• 3-4% of thevillagesinthelastphasesofgridrolloutarerecommendedforpre-electrification
• Shan,Chin,Kayah, KachinandTanintharyi representmajorareasforpre-electrification
14
Recommendationsforoff-gridpre-electrification
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS1914
NEPFlowofFunds
Nationalgrid
Therearesufficientfundsandpredictablefinancingflowingthroughtheentireelectrificationprogram
Projectarebeingplannedandprioritizedinaleastcostmanner
Projectsarebeingbuiltefficientlyandachievingsocialobjectives
Strong Institutions willensure…
Nationalgridexpansion
Tarifffromelectricity sales
Donorfunding/financingUnionbudget
TemporaryandPermanentminigridexpansion
Household-levelexpansion(SHS)
Fundsflowtoentitiesresponsiblefor:
Coordinationandallocationoffundingonsector-widebasis,basedonplan
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ABRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS2014
InstitutionalReforms
YESC§ Develop
investmentprogram
§ CorporatizeYESC
ESE/MESC• FollowYESCpath§ Setupsub-
franchiseconcessions
Mini-gridconnections§ DRD manage&
monitor§ Decentralized,
privatesector-ledapproach
§ Developregulatoryframework
Offgridconnections§ DRD manage&
monitor§ Re-focus
financialincentives
§ Supportprivatesectorprovision
PrivateSectorInvestinutilitycorporations+Participateinsubfranchiseconcessions +Provide solarhomesystems
NationalElectrificationExecutiveSecretariatreportingtoVPOffice
§ OverallmanagementandcoordinationofNEPplanning
§ Performancereporting§ Pointsourcefordonors
Donors§ TAtoestablishandtrain
newentities§ Concessional finance§ Establishloanprogram
withbanks
UnderMOEEleadership
IndependentRegulator
§ Adviseontariffs,standardsandsubsidiesneeded forgrids
§ Adviseonmini-gridpermits+interconnection
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS21
First5-yearInvestmentProspectus,FY2016-20
~ To implement about 1.7 million additional grid connections
~ US$ 700 million from FY 2015-19 with national least-cost roll-out, including:
- US$670 million of capital investments and - US$30 million of TA will be needed.
~ Potential sources of funding include Government, DPs, private sector and users’ contribution
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS22
SharedResponsibilitiesbetweenUnionandLocalGovernments,Communities/Households,andPrivateSector
1)NEPoffgrid model 2)NEPgridextensionmodel
GoodsandmaterialsforMVnetworks
MOEE,local gov
MVInstallation MOEE, localgov
LVnetworks VECs/HHs,MOEE(?), localgov (?)
Connectioncharges
HHs
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TOWARD UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS23
ImplementationProgresstoDate
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NEP Implementation: Initial Results
• InformedWBG/IDAoperationof$400million (approvedSept2015andexpectedtobenefit6millionpeople)
• Mobilizedadditional$260millionconcessionalfinancing
• Informeddevelopmentofthemarket-basedIFCLightingMyanmarProgram
• PartneredwithADB,JICA,KfW,GIZ,Italy,andNorwaywhouseNEPascommonplatformfortheirsupporttoelectrification
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Off-grid Electrification for 2016-2017 Fiscal Year
Ø Electrification System
ØSolar Home System
ØMini-Grid System
( Solar, Hydro, Bio-mass and Bio-gas System)
Ø Electrification Item (9 items)
ØHouse-hold Electrification
(small, medium ,Large)
ØRural Health Centre
ØSchool (Primary, Middle, High)
ØReligious Building
Ø Street Light
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Sagaing RegionTownships - 11 Villages - 91Households - 7756
Kayin StateTownships - 5Villages - 110Households - 7896
Shan StateTownships - 25 Villages - 730Households - 26606
Tanintharyi RegionTownships - 6Villages - 164Households - 16666
Ayeyarwady RegionTownships – 10Villages - 363Households - 136081
Rakhaing StateTownships - 9Villages - 350Households - 30384
Chin StateTownships - 5 Villages - 274Households - 11379
Remote communitiesareas located far beyond11 miles from nationalgrid and unlikely toreceive electricity innext 10 years aretargeted to pre-electrify.
Off grid project Area (FY16-17)
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First ICB for Solar PV Systems Launched in March 2016
27
• SHS - 136,768 Nos(30Wp, 45Wp, 60Wp)
• School - 1,564 Nos(120Wp,375Wp,475Wp)
• Health Center - 328 Nos(180Wp)
• Religious Building - 2,096 Nos(120Wp)
• Street Light - 10,410 Nos(70Wp)
Total:151,166solarPVsystems,in12lots,estimatedcostsof$67m
Bidevaluationisunderway.Atotalof354bidsforall12lotsreceived
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TargetingsubsidiesforthePoorerofthePoor
- DRDoffersSHSofthreedifferentsizes,thesmallestwithhighest%ofsubsidies,targetingthepoor,tomeetthebasicneedsforlightingandICT.
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• Each village participating in the Off-Grid program must form a
Village Electrification Committee (VEC)
• DRD will develop guidelines for VEC formation.
vTo organize at least 9 persons in the committee
vTo involve at least 3 women in the committee
vTo involve 50% of middle age persons
vTo be a collaborator for the development of the village
Community Organization and Mobilization
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VEC
– Explain the systems to villagers
– Count the number of each system type
– Collect down payments
– Fill out SHS Form, keep one copy for records
– Transfer the down payment to NEP account.
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Sr. Type of Training Place Date No.of Trainee Remark
1 Training for Verification the Component of Solar Home System and Design Calculation
Department of Rural Development(Head Quarter)
19.1.2016 –22.1.2016
45Union -35S&D -10
Pro-Engineering
2 Training for Solar Mini-grid Installation and Verification
Department of Rural Development(Head Quarter)
4.2.201639
Union -23S&D -16
ADB (TechnicalAssistance)
3 Capacity Building for Biomass, Biogas Hydro Mini-grid
Department of Rural Development(Head Quarter)
10.3.2016-11.3.2016
25Union -23S&D - 2
ADB (TechnicalAssistance)
4 Training for Basic Department
Training
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Challenges and Barriers
• Lack of communities institutional capacity due to people contribution at the beginning of the project
• Most of the users don’t want to pay the cost of system without seeing the product
• Poor access to finance by some users• Lack of knowledge for the use of good qualified product, operation
and maintenance of the system• Lack of private sector participation in remote areas • Guidelines of the mini-grid system, operation and maintenance,
collection of tariff (1% of household target in first year of NEP Project)
• Time is limited to complete target installation for FY16-17 • Feasible data for mini-grid and budget allotment for feasible study
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Lesson Learned and Conclusions
• Visionandsustainedhigh-levelgovernmentcommitmenttoachievinguniversalelectrificationhavebeencrucialtothepreparationandimplementationofNEP.
• Programmatic,sector-wideapproachhelpedalignandsustainengagementfromdifferentstakeholdersforimplementingrapidscale-upofelectrification.
• Onceoverthefinancinghurdle, institutionalcapacityinthepublicandprivatesectorbecomesamajorconstrainttoimplementationanddeliveryofresults.