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A9130 BSC/MFS Evolution
IP addressing and routing
February 2007 – Ed04
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Agenda
1. O&M Link Options
2. External IP addresses
3. Handling address conflicts
4. Routing protocols
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1 O&M link Options
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MX-MFS and MX-BSC O&M link options
X25
IP
AterE1
E1
MSC MX-MFSTC MX-BSC
IP
MX-BSC
IP
MX-MFS
IP
IP
IP
IP
IP/Ethernet O&M link:MX-BSC directly connectedto IP LAN
IP/Ethernet O&M link:MX-MFS directly connectedto IP LAN
O&M over Ater (extraction at TC or MSC side):Ethernet/IP link from colocalized MFS to BSC,BSC manages O&M IP connection using ML-PPP over Ater
Rou
ter 1
CBC
AGPS server
OMC-R
IP
NEM
IP O&M NETWORK
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Connecting a MX-BSC via IP/Ethernet
The two SSW boards of the MX-BSC are connected to the IP O&M network, providing redundancy of the O&M link
Alarm Box may be connected to the SSW#1 of the MX-BSC or directly to the IP O&M network.
Router 1 and router 2 may be the same equipment
MX-BSC
IP O&M NETWOR
K
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
Alarm Box
SSW 1 Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
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Connecting a MX-MFS via IP/Ethernet
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
The two SSW boards of the MX-MFS are connected to the IP O&M network, providing redundancy of the O&M Link
Router 1 and router 2 may be the same equipment
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Connecting multiple MX-BSC and MX-MFS via IP/Ethernet
IP O&M NETWOR
K
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
MX-MFS
MX-BSC
MX-BSC
…
Multiple MX-BSC and MX-MFS may be connected to the same router(s)
Router 1 and router 2 may be the same equipment
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Connecting a MX-BSC and a MX-MFS via Ater
MX-MFS is optional. If it is present the two SSW boards of the MX-MFS are connected to the SSW boards of the MX-BSC.
O&M link over Ater uses a flexible bandwidth from 128 Kbps up to 1 Mbps
ML-PPP protocol is used between MX-BSC and the router
O&M link extraction is possible at TC or at MSC
MX-BSC
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
Alarm Box
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
TP
SSW 2
SSW 1
TC MSC
Rou
ter
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2 External IP addresses
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MX-BSC external IP addresses (1/3)
External subnet A (via IP/Ethernet):
Fixed size /29
The subnet A is visible everywhere in the IP O&M network
Subnet A
Equipment IP Address in subnet A
MX-BSC OMCP#1 A.1
MX-BSC OMCP#2 A.2
MX-BSC active OMCP A.3
External Alarm Box A.6
MX-BSC
IP O&M NETWOR
K
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
Alarm Box
SSW 1 Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
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TC MSC
MX-BSC external IP addresses (2/3)
External subnet A (via Ater):
Fixed size /29
For MX-MFS only active OMCP is reachable
The subnet A is visible everywhere in the IP O&M network
In case of connection via Ater RIP is not used
Subnet A
Equipment IP Address in subnet A
MX-BSC OMCP#1 A.1
MX-BSC OMCP#2 A.2
MX-BSC active OMCP A.3
Co localized MX-MFS active OMCP A.4
External Alarm Box A.6
MX-BSC
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
Alarm Box
SSW 1
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Rou
ter
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MX-BSC external IP addresses (3/3)
MX-BSC
IP O&M NETWOR
K
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
Alarm Box
SSW 1 Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
Subnet B
Subnet C
Equipment IP Address in subnet B
IP Address in subnet C
MxBSC OMCP#1 B.1 C.1
MxBSC OMCP#2 B.2 C.2
MxBSC active OMCP
Co localized MxMFS active OMCP
B.4 C.4
Router 1 B.6
Router 2 C.6
Local subnets B and C (only in case of direct connection):
Fixed size /29
Local subnets are used to announce the entry point of the system
External alarm box is internally routed by MX-BSC active OMCP
Local subnet are visible only by the router in entrance of the IP network
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MX-MFS external IP addresses (1/3)
External IP address:
Only one external IP address to access the active OMCP: A.x
MX-MFS external IP address always points to the active OMCP (pilot)
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
With RIP V2:
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MX-MFS external IP addresses (2/3)
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Subnet B
Subnet C
B.y
C.yC.x
B.x
With RIP V2:
Local subnets B and C:
One IP address to access the active OMCP in each subnet: B.x and C.x
One IP address to reach the router in each subnet: B.y and C.y
Local subnets are visible only by the router in entrance of the IP network
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MX-MFS external IP addresses (3/3)
IP O&M NETWOR
K
MX-MFS
Rou
ter
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
A.y
Without RIP V2:
A.x
A.t A.z
A.rA.f
External IP addresses:
One floating IP address to access the active OMCP: A.f
Two physical IP addresses per OMCP: A.x, A.z, A.y, A.t
One IP address to reach the router A.r
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How to choose IP addresses for a MX-MFS
IP addresses for a MX-MFS can be chosen freely, limited only by the following rules:
MX-MFS external addresses must not belong to the following networks:
172.16/16, 172.17/16, 172.18/16, 172.19/16, 172.32/16
OMC-Rs or other equipments with which the MX-MFS interacts must not belong to the following networks:
172.16/16, 172.17/16, 172.18/16, 172.19/16, 172.32/16
Customer is free to use these networks, provided these networks or machines on this network do not interact with MX-MFS
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How to choose IP addresses for a MX-BSC
IP addresses for a MX-BSC can be chosen freely, limited only by the following rules:
MX-BSC external addresses must not belong to the following networks:
172.16/16, 172.17/16, 172.18/16
OMC-Rs or other equipments with which the MX-BSC interacts must not belong to the following networks:
172.16/16, 172.17/16, 172.18/16 Customer is free to use these networks, provided these networks or
machines on this network do not interact with MX-BSC
In the case of an O&M link on ML-PPP (O&M link over Ater), MX-BSC external addresses must not belong to the network:
1.1.1.0/29
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3 Handling address conflicts
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When do we have an address conflict?On OMC-R side
When the OMC-R network uses reserved addresses
Solution: Use NAT on the router
IP O&M NETWORK
MX-MFS or MX-BSC
172.16/16
OMC-R
Rou
ter
IP O&M NETWORK
MX-MFS or MX-BSC
172.16/16
OMC-R
Rou
ter
Enable NAT on the MX
router
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When do we have an address conflict?On element network side
When legacy element network uses reserved addresses
Solution: Create new subnet for MX equipments
new subnet for MX equipments
IP O&M NETWORKOMC-R
Legacy MFS
Legacy MFS
172.16/16
MX-MFS
IP O&M NETWORKOMC-R
Legacy MFS
Legacy MFS
172.16/16
MX-MFS
MX-MFS
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When do we have an address conflict?Somewhere in the customer intranet
What if the customer uses a reserved network somewhere not related to MX in his IP infrastructure?
No problem!
Only restrictions are on giving reserved addresses as MX external addresses or as addresses that MX communicates with!
OMC-R
IP O&M NETWORK
MX-MFS or MX-BSC
Rou
ter
Customer intranet172.16/16
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Using NAT to solve IP address conflictsWhat is NAT?
NAT stands for Network Address Translation.
NAT consists in translating IP addresses on-the-fly, from « internal » addresses to « external » ones based on translation rules.
Can translate source addresses, destination addresses, or both
operates in both directions (inout), (outin)
NAT is very widespread and available in most routers
NAT function
Internal addresses External addresses
172.17.3.30
172.17.3.3010.0.0.30
10.0.0.30
Configuration rules:Translate
External: 172.17.3.30 tointernal: 10.0.0.30
inside outside
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Using NAT to solve IP address conflictsAn MX-MFS example (1/2)
The problem
OMC-R uses a MX reserved address, for example: 172.17.3.3
MX-MFS external address A.x is 10.2.2.1 (no problem here)
OMC-R has no problems sending packets to the MFS, since 10.2.2.1 is a valid address routed to the MX-MFS
But the MX-MFS cannot reply, because 172.17.3.3 is used internally by MFS, and MFS does not know where to send the reply.
The main problem is on source addresses of packets coming from OMC-R, which the MX-MFS cannot use as a destination for replies.
O&M IPNETWORK
MX-MFS
172.17.3.3
OMC-R
Rou
ter
10.2.2.1
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Using NAT to solve IP address conflictsAn MX-MFS example (2/2)
The solution: enable NAT on the router
Choose a translated (NATed) address for the OMC-R: 139.54.96.5
Enable NAT on the router and configure NAT rules
Translate outside source address (src) 172.17.3.3 to 139.54.96.5 Translate inside destination address (dst) 139.54.96.5 to 172.17.3.3
O&M IPNETWORK
172.17.3.3
OMC-R
Rou
ter
MX-MFS 10.2.2.1
Src: 172.17.3.3Dst: 10.2.2.1
Src: 139.54.96.5Dst: 10.2.2.1
Src: 10.2.2.1Dst: 172.17.3.3
Src: 10.2.2.1Dst: 139.54.96.5
insideoutside
request
reply
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4 Routing protocols
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Are there requirements for customer networks?
No. MX imposes no requirements on routing protocols within customer networks! Customer is free to architect his network any way he likes.
… but MX-MFS and MX-BSC use RIP protocol for managing first link redundancy, only between the equipment and the first router.
There is no RIP on customer network
Smallest possible constraint on first router for redundancy management
RIP for link redundancy
MX-BSC or MX-MFS
CustomerO&M IP network
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1 Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
Any customer routing architecture
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Why RIP v2 on the first link? (1/2)
RIP is used by MX to tell the router to change the route when link fails
… or by the router to tell MX when a router fails
MX-MFS orMX-BSC
O&M IP
network
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Subnet B
Subnet C
B.y
C.yC.x
B.x
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
O&M path
A.x
O&M IP
network
MX-MFS orMX-BSC
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Subnet B
Subnet C
B.y
C.yC.x
B.x
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
O&M path
A.x
Link C has failed. Go through B
instead
Path through C has failed
Go through B instead
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Why RIP v2 on the first link? (2/2)
RIP thus allows to re-route O&M traffic to the appropriate first link
when a MX link fails
when a MX edge router fails (or router interface in the single router case)
when a router along the path fails requiring a MX link change
O&M IP networ
k
MX-MFS orMX-BSC
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Subnet B
Subnet C
B.y
C.yC.x
B.x
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
O&M pathA.x
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Why RIP and not OSPF or some other method?
Ease-of-use: RIP represents the smallest possible constraint on the MX edge router
RIP is found in all routers on the market
Simplest protocol to configure: almost no configuration (default values are used)
Simplest redundancy solution
And remember: RIP is for the first link only. Within his network, the Customer uses whatever solution he wants.
« translating » between routing protocols is also what routers are for!RIP for link redundancy
MX-BSC or MX-MFS
CustomerO&M IP network
OM
CP
1
OM
CP
2
SSW 2
SSW 1
Rou
ter 1
Rou
ter 2
Any customer routing architecture
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Example: MX-MFS router configuration in an OSPF network
Router configuration consists in:
Telling the router to run RIP on MX-MFS interfaces,
Telling the router to run OSPF on backbone interface,
Telling the router to redistribute RIP info from MX-MFS to OSPF backbone,
Telling the router to redistribute OSPF info to the MX-MFS.
This is done via few router configuration commands
O&M IPnetwork
MX-MFS
Rou
ter R
_21
1
OMC-R
192.168.201/24
192.168.202/24
A.x=192.168.203.4
10.121.4/24
10.125.1/24
RIP for link redundancy OSPF customer backbone
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