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Sheikh technical veterinary schoolSheikh technical veterinary school
Burao field work reportBurao field work report
Period from 04july2010 to 06july2010Period from 04july2010 to 06july2010
Name:Mustafe Hashi IbrahimName:Mustafe Hashi Ibrahim
Serial#114Serial#114
Date: 17/07/2010Date: 17/07/2010
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Table of contentsTable of contentsAcknowledgment________________________________________________________Acknowledgment________________________________________________________
Declaration_____________________________________________________________Declaration_____________________________________________________________
1. Chapter one:1. Chapter one: introduction_______________________________________________5introduction_______________________________________________5
1.1 introduction of the field study__________________________________________________4introduction of the field study__________________________________________________41.2 background of burao city______________________________________________________51.2 background of burao city______________________________________________________5
2. Objectives Aims and2. Objectives Aims and methodology____________________________________________7methodology____________________________________________72.1 aim_______________________________________________________________________2.1 aim_______________________________________________________________________77
2.2 objectives__________________________________________________________________72.2 objectives__________________________________________________________________7
2.3 methodology _______________________________________________________________72.3 methodology _______________________________________________________________7
3.3. Activities carried out __________________________________________________8Activities carried out __________________________________________________83.1 livestock market ____________________________________________________________83.1 livestock market ____________________________________________________________8
3.1.2 Municipality role of the livestock market ______________________________________83.1.2 Municipality role of the livestock market ______________________________________8
3.1.3 Demand and supply of livestock _____________________________________________93.1.3 Demand and supply of livestock _____________________________________________9
3.1.4 Constraints in livestock market ______________________________________________93.1.4 Constraints in livestock market ______________________________________________9
3.2 The milk market ___________________________________________________________103.2 The milk market ___________________________________________________________10
3.2.1 Kinds of the milk _________________________________________________________103.2.1 Kinds of the milk _________________________________________________________103.2.2 Hygiene milk market ______________________________________________________103.2.2 Hygiene milk market ______________________________________________________10
3.2.3 Constraints in milk market _________________________________________________103.2.3 Constraints in milk market _________________________________________________10
3.3 traditional tanneries_________________________________________________________113.3 traditional tanneries_________________________________________________________11
3.3.1 Alalla-magan tannery ______________________________________________________113.3.1 Alalla-magan tannery ______________________________________________________11
3.3.2 Primary Processing of skin _________________________________________________123.3.2 Primary Processing of skin _________________________________________________12
3.3.3 Secondary processing______________________________________________________123.3.3 Secondary processing______________________________________________________12
3.33.3.4 Economic importance of skin.4 Economic importance of skin _______________________________________________12_______________________________________________12
3.4 international Livestock Company _______________________________________133.4 international Livestock Company _______________________________________13
3.5 Burao slaughter house ________________________________________________133.5 Burao slaughter house ________________________________________________13
3.5.1 The function of municipality _________________________________________133.5.1 The function of municipality _________________________________________13
3.5.2 Post mortem and ant mortem examination _______________________________143.5.2 Post mortem and ant mortem examination _______________________________14
3.5.3 Constraints of slaughter house_________________________________________153.5.3 Constraints of slaughter house_________________________________________154 conclusion and recommendation4 conclusion and recommendation___________________________________________16___________________________________________16
4.1conclusion __________________________________________________________164.1conclusion __________________________________________________________16
42 recommendation______________________________________________________1742 recommendation______________________________________________________17
Reference/annexes______________________________________________________18Reference/annexes______________________________________________________18
Quisioniaree___________________________________________________________19Quisioniaree___________________________________________________________19
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AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment
First, praise is due to the Allah who made itFirst, praise is due to the Allah who made it
possible for this golden opportunities to go forpossible for this golden opportunities to go forstudy gain a lot information practical skills andstudy gain a lot information practical skills and
training I should have liked to thank to the peopletraining I should have liked to thank to the people
that dedicate their time and helped me in the fieldthat dedicate their time and helped me in the field
are more significantly the list include butare more significantly the list include but
probably not limited here to the followingprobably not limited here to the following
individualsindividuals
Dr.Abdillali sheikhDr.Abdillali sheikhDr.IbrahimDr.Ibrahim
Dr.Nuh h. AbdiDr.Nuh h. Abdi
Dr. Abdilkadir KhalifDr. Abdilkadir Khalif
Dr.herzeDr.herze
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DeclarationDeclaration
Iam, Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim I declare that the fieldIam, Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim I declare that the field
activities presented here is my original duplicateactivities presented here is my original duplicateOf my work and has not appeared any where else.Of my work and has not appeared any where else.
Except reference made published work so it has beenExcept reference made published work so it has been
victory donevictory done
Prepared by: Mustafa Hashi IbrahimPrepared by: Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim
Signature:.........Signature:.........
Signature......Signature......
Date: 17/07/2010Date: 17/07/2010
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1. Introduction1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction the fields study1.1 Introduction the fields study
( Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical( Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical
Veterinary School (STVS))This report of three days field activities in the Burao city toVeterinary School (STVS))This report of three days field activities in the Burao city to
improve practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim ofimprove practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim of
this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year, It been divided in to two groups tothis field is to practice what was learnt in the last year, It been divided in to two groups to
carry out the activities in Burao. Using observation, individual interviews, and inspectioncarry out the activities in Burao. Using observation, individual interviews, and inspection
as materials to collect data during the activitiesas materials to collect data during the activities
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1.2 background of burao city1.2 background of burao city
Burao is one of largest city in Somaliland it is the capital city of Togdheer region withBurao is one of largest city in Somaliland it is the capital city of Togdheer region with
population of morethan350, 000 peoplepopulation of morethan350, 000 people
It has largest livestock marketing in Somaliland that receives the animal differ placesIt has largest livestock marketing in Somaliland that receives the animal differ places
include killal5, eastern region Somaliland, and central Somalia.include killal5, eastern region Somaliland, and central Somalia.
The majority people living burao depend up on the livestock market economically andThe majority people living burao depend up on the livestock market economically and
the livestock generally the temperature of the city is 25 to 35celcius,the time GMT+3.the livestock generally the temperature of the city is 25 to 35celcius,the time GMT+3.
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Chapter two: aims objectives and methodology
2.1 Aim:
The aim of this field is to practice what was learnt in the last yearThe aim of this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year
2.2Objectivies
The objectives of the field study are:
1- To acquire new skills and knowledge in the Burao livestock sector
2- To gain knowledge on data collection, data analyzing and reporting
2.3 Methodology
Observation: a judgment on or inference from what one has observed; broadly
Individual interview: is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer
and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information
from the interviewee
Inspection: is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise.
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http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/observedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionhttp://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/observed -
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The highest demand for livestock especially small ruminants (sheep and goat) is
mainly during June until august. This is also the major export for live animal is Saudi
Arabia and other Arabian peninsula.
Supply of sheep and goats on the market was low from April through June. This is
due to owners retain animals for breading and milking and herds grow size.
In month of malid alnabi(october/novenber)as well as idal-fidir and the idal-ad-ha in
the hadji season has a lot of effect on both demand and price levels. During this
period the is higher demand for small stock and as result high price.
Camel commercialization is very low compared to other species and particularly
because of unwillingness for pastoralists to sell.
Cattle demand is also during hadji period is high and low demand during the jillal
season, hence the supply of livestock markets is determined by combination factors
which pastoral household cash need. External driven demand for animals and
environment especially climatic condition affecting the physical condition of the
animal
Species Price/animal
Doe/ewe 300,000sh-500,000sh
Buck/ram 390,000sh-650,00sh
Figure2: shows the price the animals
Constraints in livestock market
Shortage vet services
Poor hygiene and sanitation
Small numbers of shed to keep animals during summer time
3.2 The milk market
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This market situated down town of the city the majority of milk received from the
HAWD side, Odwayne area and the rest comes from GUBAN and DAANBARI areas.
The people living Burao liked HAWD milk than GUBAN milk because the GUBAN
milk is mixed (from different species) but the HAWD milk is pure (from only one
species).
3.2.1 Kinds of the milk
The most of milk seller in the market is 80% camel and the remaining goat and
cattLE
Animal milk Appearances Price/cup
Camel Whitish 6000shl
Cattle Yellowish 6000shl
Goat Whitish 5000shl
Figure3: this table shows the milk price in Burao
Milk used to dirk (to get nutritious minerals especially for children) and in adding tea.
Milk payment measured by the amount of cup and species using as follows
1. cup/baydh
2. half-cup/nus-baydh
3.2.2 Hygiene milk market
The seller of milk use wide container ( made of what plastic containers) usually been
cleaned with detergent, soil and traditional planet called (CULLEY)
3.2.3 Constraints in milk market
Lack of buildings
Using unsuitable place (near crowded road ~lambs.
3.3 Traditional tanneries
3.3.1 Alla-magan tannery
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Alla-magan tanneryestablished 2000, and located south west side of the city. It has
processed deferent skin species such as sheep goat and camel that processed 2000skin per
day.
The sheep and goat skin semi-processed using salt only and drying after finished it export
to other countries, while camel skin goes several steps and locally used for making
shoes.
3.3.2 Processing of skin
The skin or hide is composed of about 60%of water, 35% fibrous and non-fibrous
proteins and the rest are lipids, carbohydrates and mineral salts. Health of skin or hide
solely mark the type of leather produced depend on the animals.
3.3.3 Primary processing
Since, skins or hides are highly susceptible to biodegradation that normally begins to
decompose within few hours of animals death primary processing involves
a)salting
the first step starts with wet salting or brine-curing from curing of raw skin with brine air
drying or packing them with salt (sodium chloride)
B) Socking
the curried skin are soaked for a period of few hours to seven days in pure water to
eliminate salt ,blood, and dirt and to gain moisture lost during the coarse of curing
process.
C) Deliming
Deliming the skin is done by soaking in weak solution of acid, which reduces the
swelling caused by the lime; the enzymatic application by bathing treatment to the skin
provides as smoother gain and renders the skin soft and flexible.
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Skin drying
3.3.2 Secondary processing /tanneryTannerys process involve conversion of the putricible portentous matter of the skin into
non-putricible, this achieved by treating the skin with aqueous extract of trees or with
solution of chroniumsalts
3.3.3 Economic importance of skin
1. Provide employment to the people at different levels
production level
processing level
marketing level
2. Source of income and wealth
families
communities
national
3. Provides materials for other products
shoes ,hand bags
belts ,luggage
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3.4 International livestock company
This is a private area established October 2009 .it located south west of the city and it
away 8km from the town the area of the farm is 360 hectors, construct 85 hectors and the
buildings still on proceed.
Consist more pens for small ruminants cattle and camel, it also have prepared fodder
water and vet services.
The pens of small ruminants are six each has length of 50m and width 30 mcapacity
1000 small ruminants per pen. Camel pens each has length 50m and width 50m and
capacity of 5000camel per pen, while cattle pens each has leangth50m, width50 m and
capacity of 5000cattle per pen also cattle pens has crash that is used to take sample and
treatment
the aims established the company
1. To enhance and increase the quality of our animals (weight and milk)
2. To change the way farming(from pastoralist to modern farming system)
3. To employments the Somali people
4. To investment our land our livestock
Animal fodder of international livestock farm
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3.5 Burao Slaughter house
The slaughter house located eastern part of the town, has compass 600 squired meter and
two section which is used the type of animal.
The first section that used for slaughtering goat and sheep.
The second section was used for camel slaughtering. This area has not fence.
The slaughter contain the slaughter house it self, two offices and water pools
The slaughter sheep and goats and has several tables and meat hanging places designed in
order.
The second branch was used for camel slaughtering this area has concentrates which used
to put the meat and has any fence.The slaughter building contain
The slighter house it self
Two offices
The water pools
The labor takes their wages, all labors are private, and they work every night
The Burao slaughter house slaughter every day 300-400 animals and they kill in Islamic
way. And 8-11of camels and not cattle at all. House situated eastern part of the town its
compass is 600meter squared. The slaughter house has different section that were used
slaughtering he type of animals and they are .the branch that for slaughtering
3.5.1 The function of municipality
Brings the taxes
Inspect the slaughtering animals
Provide transportation of meat
Keep sanitation the slaughter house
3.5.2 Postmortem and ant mortem examination
During our activities we examine/inspect150 animals, the most are normal but some few
a effected there fore i show the abnormal animal organs we observe
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animal No. of animal organ Abnormality
Goat 2 Inguinal lymph
node
Abscess
Goat 2 stomach Plastic bags
sheep 3 stomach Plastic bags
sheep 2 liver Inflammation
Figure4: show organs of species infected during activities
3.5.3 Constraintsof slaughter house
lack of electricity
Poor sanitation and shortage of tools
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
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4.1 Conclusion
The field work during three days were nice ands we get more information related what
we learnt. Therefore all students achieved their goals. It was successfully done.
There is some complements that is the most place we go met the people that information
is very little.
Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh TechnicalField Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical
Veterinary School (STVS)) this report of three days field activities in the Burao city toVeterinary School (STVS)) this report of three days field activities in the Burao city to
improve practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim ofimprove practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim of
this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year,this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year,
During field work how to collect data, how to analyze, and how to write report wasDuring field work how to collect data, how to analyze, and how to write report wasgained.gained.
1- In Burao Milk Market was one of the activity done in Burao. Where milk broughtIn Burao Milk Market was one of the activity done in Burao. Where milk brought
from, the way of preservation and what is the price was an experience, butfrom, the way of preservation and what is the price was an experience, but
hygienically the market was poor.hygienically the market was poor.
2-2- Postmortem activity done in Burao slaughter house which slaughter more thanPostmortem activity done in Burao slaughter house which slaughter more than
400 heads of livestock, but Burao slaughter house suffering of lack electricity.400 heads of livestock, but Burao slaughter house suffering of lack electricity.
3- Burao Livestock market is the biggest market in Somaliland, but the market have
no any veterinary services
4.2 Recommendations
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1- The government should construct the buildings milk sellers and provide storage
facilities
2-The government should reduce the taxes and established trade
3-The government should strength and support livestock owners and also planning new
strategies
4-The government should provide sufficient electricity the slaughter house and other
supplement they need.
5-Established good communication among government, vet service, and livestock owners
6-The municipality the slaughter house should protect the slaughtering pregnant animals.
References
Infectious disease
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Merck manual veterinary school
Diseases of the Goat
Livestock economics
Questionnaire of livestock market
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