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Muslim Empires:The Ottomans, Safavids & MughalsCh. 17, 1&2
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The Ottoman Empire
Sultans –Arabic term for ruler Ottomans –warlike, nomadic Muslim Turks
who conquered the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans region of Europe› success due to military, which included › Janissaries -enslaved Christian boys who
converted to Islam › Gunpowder cannons
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Mehmed II –Conquered Constantinople in 1453; took over parts of Persia, Egypt & Arabian peninsula
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Suleyman “the Magnificent” – leader of Ottoman Empire’s Golden Age (1520 – 1566)
empire lasted until 1918
› Issued laws & improved courts to reduce corruption
› Architects built mosques & palaces
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Ottoman Social Structure All Muslim males were
expected to serve in the military
Non-Muslims paid heavy taxes
Strict social hierarchy gave few citizens freedom
Sultan & Ruling class
Everyone else
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Safavids –Muslim Empire of Persia from 1501-1722
Shah –Persian word meaning king› Created a Shia kingdom, although most
Muslims were Sunni Golden Age of art
› Carpets› Glazed ceramic tiles
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Muslims Rule India Mughal Empire – Islamic empire
of northern India begun in 1526 Akbar the Great –began his rule
at 13; by age 57 controlled almost all of India› Controlling of finance & gov’t› Built wealth on textiles› Religious toleration for everyone
except Sikhs who tried to rebel› Sikhism –combined Hindu &
Islamic beliefs (monotheism w/reincarnation)
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Shah Jahan –grandson of Akbar; ruled during Golden age of Mughal empire
Built tomb for dead wife –Taj Mahal› Heavy taxes to build monuments led to
hardship & famine Empire will end with colonization of
India by the British