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MUSCLES OF THE TORSO
NVQ3 Beauty Therapy
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Sternocleido mastoid
Either side of neck from temporal bone to clavicle and sternum
Used together nods the head
Used in opposition turn head to the side
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Platysma
Front of neck from chin to chest
Draws jaw and lower lip downwards
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Pectoralis major
Covers upper part of chest
Adducts and medially rotates the arm
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Pectoralis minor
Small muscle beneath the pectoralis major
Draws shoulder downwards and also forwards
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Serratus anterior
Sides of ribcage below the armpits
Draws scapula forward as in pushing movements
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Rectus abdominus
Superficial muscles that extend the whole length of the abdomen
Supports internal organs and flexes the spine (bending forward)
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Internal obliques
Found laterally on the anterior of the abdomen beneath external obliques
Twists trunk to opposite side
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External obliques
Superficial muscles found laterally from side of waist to anterior abdomen
Twists trunk to opposite side
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External intercostals
Between the ribs
Raises the ribcage upwards and forwards
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Muscles of Respiration
Internal intercostals External intercostals Diaphragm
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Internal intercostals
Between the ribs under the external intercostals
Bring the ribs downwards and in.
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Diaphragm
Attached around bottom of ribcage
Pulls downwards
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Trapezius
Kite shaped muscle across the top of the back and neck
Lifts the clavicle as in shrugging and also draws the head backwards
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Rhomboids
Deep to the trapezius
Draws the scapula back
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Latissimus dorsi
Back of lower thorax in lumbar region
Draws the arm back and inwards towards the body. Helps pull body upwards when climbing
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Erector spinae
Three groups of muscles on either side of the vertebrae
Extends the spine and holds the body upright
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Gluteus maximus
Superficial muscle which forms the buttocks
Extends the hip and rotates thigh laterally
Used in running and jumping
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Gluteus medius
Lateral part of buttocks, deep to gluteus maximus
Abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Used in walking and running
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Gluteus minimus
Lateral area of buttocks beneath gluteus medius
Abducts and rotates the thigh. Used in walking and running