© 2013 IBM Corporation
IBM IaaS -‐ Cloud without Compromise
Andrea Finocchiaro / Gennaro Panagia Cloud Managed Services Global Technology Services
© 2013 IBM Corporation 2 2 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Agenda
• IT Cloud Strategy • Soluzioni IBM SmartCloud Services • Vantaggi per MSP
© 2013 IBM Corporation 3 3 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Leaders are using new technology, process models and business models to achieve their goals
Focus on Speed and Agility • Assemble solutions from verified
software components & services • Dev / Ops process enables fast
iterative development • Fast deployment & redeployment of
infrastructure resources using Software Defined Environments
Software Defined Environment
Cloud Operating Environment
API Economy
Focus on Operational Costs • Consolidation (solutions &
infrastructure) • Operations Automation (reduce skills
& risk) – Move from manual policy
enforcement to analytics driven enforcement & optimization
Optimization Innovation Reduce Cost & Minimize Risk Rapidly Add Business Value
© 2013 IBM Corporation 4 4 © 2013 IBM Corporation
A working definition
Cloud (n) On-demand compute with consumptive billing
• On-demand Rapidly provisioned services
• Compute Servers, network, storage, firewalls, ancillary services
• Consumptive billing Turns traditional fixed IT costs into variable – monthly or hourly
• Initial model – virtualized multi-tenancy computing – does not meet requirements for 100% of applications and use cases
• For broadest applicability, user-selectable levels of performance and isolation are required
© 2013 IBM Corporation 5 5 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer § Bare metal to virtualized to address practically all
applications § Private or Public, Dedicated or Shared deployment options § Robust, reliable performance and uptime for demanding
born-on-the-cloud applications
IBM SmartCloud Enterprise+ § Fully managed ITIL compliant services delivered by IBM
helps drive business value, competitive advantage, peace of mind
§ Runs production workloads, including SAP and Oracle applications
§ Hardware, hypervisor and isolation elements included
Expanding Portfolio, Delivering Flexibility and Choice
DevOps IBM SmartCloud Application Services § Agile platform as a service with support for JAVA, PHP, and Mobile applications § Suitable for wide range of enterprise applications
Secure and scalable cloud managed services platform
Managed Cloud Services
© 2013 IBM Corporation 6 6 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Two major application deployment models have emerged in cloud adoption
Scalable
Virtualized
Automated Lifecycle
Heterogeneous Infrastructure
Cloud Enabled
Elas<c
Mul<-‐tenant
Integrated Lifecycle
Standardized Infrastructure
Cloud Na<ve
+ Exis<ng
Middleware Workloads
Emerging PlaGorm Workloads
Compatibility with existing systems “Systems of Record”
Exploitation of new environments “System of Engagement”
SoHLayer SCE+
© 2013 IBM Corporation 7 7 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Agenda IBM SmartCloud Services
SoftLayer overview and background SofLayer Capabilities SmartCloud Enteprise +
© 2013 IBM Corporation 8 8 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Global footprint
13 data centers 17 network PoPs
Global private network
100,000 SERVERS
21,000 CUSTOMERS
22,000,000 DOMAINS
© 2013 IBM Corporation 9 9 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer supports and extends IBM’s cloud strategy. Workload optimized, deployment choices, integrated services management
Bare-Metal Servers, Virtualized Public Cloud Instances, Private Cloud Deployments Provides the best fit optimized for a range of cloud workloads
Integrated Platform Across Multiple Architectures Highly flexible with support for public, private and hybrid deployments
Common Management System with APIs Customer control and increased visibility with a unified management system
Proprietary Infrastructure Management System facilitates automation & orchestration
Common User Interface and APIs
Private network allows seamless communication across distributed environments
x86 Pod Infrastructure x86 Pod Infrastructure x86 Pod Infrastructure
Private Clouds!Public Cloud Instances!Bare Metal Servers!
© 2013 IBM Corporation 10 10 © 2013 IBM Corporation
How It All Fits Together
Data Center & Pods • Standardized, modular hardware configs
• Lower inventory carrying costs • Maximize asset utilization & profitability • Increase provisioning flexibility • Simplify capacity management
• Globally consistent service portfolio
Triple Network • Proprietary network architecture • Pod design allows customers to grow across
multiple racks or rows in the same layer2/3 domain as needed.
IMS (Software) • Bare metal provisioning • Integrated BSS/OSS • Comprehensive network management
© 2013 IBM Corporation 12 12 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Standardized, modular infrastructure One platform, myriad solutions to serve a broad range of customer requirements for performance, isolation
• Highly flexible architecture • One platform for public cloud servers,
private clouds, bare metal servers
• Complete integration
• Unified systems management & API
• Technology-neutral platform
• Support for broad range of operating systems, virtualization platforms
• Build hybrid, distributed, high-performance architectures and manage from a single pane of glass
• Pay by the hour or the month for a truly variable IT operations model
x86 Server!
Bare Metal!
Private Clouds!
Virtual Servers!
Public Clouds!
Hybrid Clouds!
?!
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• High-performance public network with transit from multiple tier-1 carriers • Secure OOB management via VPN
• Private network for intra-application and inter-facility communications, access to shared services
• Native IPv6 support
• Virtual racks for integrated management
• Complete suite of network services
Triple-network architecture
© 2013 IBM Corporation 14 14 © 2013 IBM Corporation
A better platform Unified architecture with common management and programming interfaces
• Common command and control interface across a unified architecture !• Combine bare-metal servers, public cloud instances and private cloud
deployments into distributed hybrid architectures and manage from a single control pane and API!
• All deployed on-demand and provisioned in real-time!• Ideally suited to big data deployments, high I/O and latency-sensitive apps!
© 2013 IBM Corporation 15 15 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Factoring Essential Applications to Drive Innovation and Growth Cloud Without Compromise
© 2013 IBM Corporation 17 17 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Complete control
• Mobile and Web-based management portals • Purchase, provision, deploy & manage infrastructure
• Access to services, tools, automation & tutorials
• Secure access via VPN to management network • Two-factor authentication to Web portal
© 2013 IBM Corporation 18 18 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer’s features allow us satisfy many new workloads Areas our ecosystem partners focus on!
ISVs / Production ERP / Managed Prod Hosted Enterprise Private Clouds HPC
Analytics/Big Data/Database Management / Archive
Web Application / E-Commerce
Mobile applications
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOE
• Supports existing portfolio, license model, and provides platform for future services
• ISV Application Production Infrastructure
• Global reach and load balancing
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOE • Excellent base to build out
enterprise PC requirements (HA, data isolation, encryption, reporting, hybrid cloud, etc.)
• IBM SCO Openstack, Citrix Private Clouds and VMWare Private Clouds
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOS • Dedicated high performance
servers and GPUs with cloud flexibility
• Load Balancing • GPU offering available
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOE • Scale cloud instances in minutes • High performing load balancers for
variable demand • Robust content delivery network
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOS • Rapid expansion to meet market
demand • Integrated dedicated servers and
cloud instances
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOE
• Flexibility to add additional servers/cloud instances
• High availability / security
• Extensible API for Archiving
• Platform Computing
Dev Ops
• High I/O intensity, Predictable QOE • Elasticity of offering • Promotion via cloud of application
lifecycle
Social Business applications
• High I/O intensity/Load balancing • Integrated dedicated servers and
cloud instances • Storage services for files and media • Reliable Collaboration software
infrastructure platform
© 2013 IBM Corporation 19 19 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Ecosystem is at the heart of SoftLayer’s customer base
Social
Software as a Service Mobile & Communications
Marketing and Digital Media
EnterpriseHosting & Service Providers
Games and Entertainment
Platform as a Service
Bump Voxer Instapaper Yelp
© 2013 IBM Corporation 20 20 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Partner Type Definition
Referral Partner
Due to the services referral partners provide, they are in a position to refer new hosting customers to SL " In exchange for referring us new business, we provide referral partners
with monthly commission payments and other benefits " Referred customers sign directly with SL " Examples include application developers, consultants, web designers,
etc. " Referral partners are managed by channel sales team
Strategic Partner
Higher-revenue partnership opportunities where hosting is usually a component of the partner’s overall solution. " A strategic partner’s business model usually dictates that they will resell
SL’s services " Examples are SI’s, MSP’s, SaaS providers, ad agencies, etc. Existing
strategic partners are Citrix, Presidio, Sirius Computer Solutions, Cloudant, Rocket Science, SparkRed, Phone Valley (Digitas), etc.
" Strategic partners are managed by the channel sales team
Current SoftLayer Channel Programs & Definitions (Page 1)
© 2013 IBM Corporation 21 21 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Partner Type Definition Hosting Reseller
Hosting resellers buy hosting services from SL at a discount, mark them up, and resell them. " Hosting is their primary source of revenue. " May or may not leverage SL’s brand. " Examples include Hostgator, SiteGround, Arvixe, etc. " Hosting resellers are managed by global and key accounts teams.
Distributor
Large distributors partner with thousands of resellers and sell through them " Most distributors are either planning to launch or have recently
launched cloud business units " SoftLayer sells to the distributor, the distributor sells to the reseller " Examples include Ingram Micro, Synnex, etc. " Distributors are managed by the channel sales team
Current SoftLayer Channel Program & Definitions (Page 2)
© 2013 IBM Corporation 22 22 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Proven Track Record with Partners § SoftLayer powers some of the largest telecom and IT partners in the world
§ White Label Capability
§ Expands addressable opportunities by integrating with 3rd party partner solutions
§ “Powered By” solution (Quick Start)
• SoftLayer exposed as underlying infrastructure Provider
• Customer enhances offering with additional value-add offer • Builds in additional services
• Bundles with existing products / services
• Enablement with Parallels option
© 2013 IBM Corporation 23 23 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Agenda IBM SmartCloud Services
SoftLayer overview and background SofLayer Capabilities SmartCloud Enteprise +
© 2013 IBM Corporation 24 24 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer Technology Capabilities Overview
A dedicated bare metal server, custom configured to your spec • Wide selection, from low range to GPU, etc • You can install anything you want and use it as a building block • Network: public or private • Time to provision: 2-4 hours • Billing: monthly
A Public Cloud Virtual Machine (aka Cloud Computing Instance, CCI)
• Part of CloudLayer, integrated with SoftLayer’s IMS, API, based on Xen virtualization and Citrix XenServer
• Max: 2 direct attached hard drives, 1Gb NIC, 48 G RAM • Time to provision: 5-15 minutes • Billing: hourly or monthly
A Bare metal CCI • Few configuration options, but true bare metal • Max: 2 direct attached hard drives, 1 Gb nic, 64 G RAM • Time to provision: 1-4 hours • Billing: hourly or monthly
A private (hybrid, hosted by SoftLayer) Cloud • Based on Xen CloudServer, automatically installed and configured • User manages their own VMs, no integration with BSS
© 2013 IBM Corporation 25 25 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer Technology Capabilities Overview (cont’d)
Nearly any hypervisor can be preinstalled on bare metal Hardware Firewalls and Load Balancers IP addresses, subnets, VLANs Services
• Backup • Vulnerability scans • Managed Object Store • Monitoring service • Messaging service • Content Delivery Network (CDN) • Transcoding service • Physical media shipping service • Email delivery service • Anti-virus software • DNS
© 2013 IBM Corporation 26 26 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Key Security Features – Bare Metal Cloud
Physical servers are single-tenant OS and optional middleware is provisioned via automation Once provisioned, SoftLayer transfers (and does not retain) all privileged access to the
Customer • No privileged access retained by SoftLayer
Customer may choose to provide ad-hoc privileged access to SoftLayer as part of a support
request • Controlled by the Customer through the SL Portal • Privileged access by SL employees is audited and visible to the Customer
Suitable platform for sensitive, regulated or confidential workloads • Customer is responsible for the workload level security controls that are also required
Dedicated (bare metal) cloud
© 2013 IBM Corporation 27 27 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Key Security Features – Virtual Private Cloud
• Single tenant environment, as with Bare Metal Cloud
• SL manages the hypervisor and below for the Customer • SL does not manage the virtual machines OR the storage.
• There is no opportunity for multi-tenant security threats as possible a shared cloud service, regardless of their likelihood as known today • Example: Covert channels between VMs
• As with the Bare Metal offering, SL does not have access to this environment and the Customer's data unless specifically granted by the Customer as part of a support request • Privileged access by SL employees is audited and visible to the Customer
• Suitable platform for sensitive, regulated or confidential workloads • Customer is responsible for all workload level security controls that are required to
demonstrate compliance
Private (Virtualized Single-‐Tenant) Cloud
© 2013 IBM Corporation 28 28 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Key Security Features – Virtual Public Cloud
Multi-tenant virtual environment along the same principles as SmartCloud Enterprise, Amazon EC2, etc.
SoftLayer manages the hypervisor and below Customer is responsible for their virtual servers
• SoftLayer retains no privileged access to the virtual servers • May elect to employ additional security controls, such as encryption of data at rest
Value-add security capabilities offered by SoftLayer can be enabled via the SL Portal or API NOT a suitable platform for workloads containing confidential or regulated data
Public (Virtualized Mul<-‐Tenant) Cloud
© 2013 IBM Corporation 29 29 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Sensitive workloads are best hosted on SoftLayer’s bare metal or private dedicated cloud offerings
The definition of workload sensitivity will be determined by a Customer’s: • Risk management framework • Compliance obligations
Typical examples of sensitive workloads include: • Sensitive personal information of employees, partners and clients • Company confidential intellectual property, business plans and financial information • Data regulated by industry (e.g. PCI-DSS) or government (e.g. HIPAA-HITECH)
© 2013 IBM Corporation 31 31 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SoftLayer API at a glance"
SoftLayer [main] API"• Version 3.0 API provides 2,200 function calls to over 180 services"• Supports REST, SOAP & XML-RPC interfaces"• Clients implemented in C#, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, VB .Net,
command line Python client"• Is a major direct source of revenue"• Accessible from mobile devices as well"
To begin using the API:!• Enable the API use from Customer Portal"• Create unique secret API key"• Authentication based on user and API key"• Choose language client library"
Basic Concepts:!• Endpoint (public or private)"• Service (e.g. Account, Storage..)"• Method or Action (e.g. getUsers())"• Data Types (String, boolean, int and Complex)"• Properties (local, relational, count)"• Result limits (rows filtering)"• Object Masks (properties filtering)"
Object Store API:!• Based on OpenStack Swift"• REST-based"• Clients: Java, Ruby, PHP, Python"• Supports Containers and Objects"• Content Delivery Network integration"• Search integration"
Message Queue API:!• REST-based"• 64k max"• Key/value pair message fields"• Clients: C#, Java, Ruby, PHP, Python"• Supports Topics, Topic Tags, Subscriptions"• Persistent via Cloudant data layer"
© 2013 IBM Corporation 32 32 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Storage Options
A bare metal server installed with any software you like (e.g. NFS, GPFS…) [Managed by SL] Object Storage
• Based on OpenStack Swift + indexing & CDN integration
QuantaStor Storage OS over a bare metal server – central storage • SAN (iSCSI) and NAS (NFS) access • Advanced and easy to use web administration • Thin provisioning of storage volumes • Asynchronous replication of storage volumes • Dynamic expansion of storage pools • Software and hardware integrated – QuantaStor manages the RAID controller
iSCSI Shared SAN [managed by SL] – fast off-server storage • Remote mounted, reliabie, enterprise grade, fast, 1 TB or less
Shared NAS / FTP [managed by SL] - Archives • Mounted on more than one target (over CIFS), cost effective, reliable, 2 TB or less
Dedicated SAN (EqualLogic or NetApp (Isilon is being phased out)) • > 30 TB
© 2013 IBM Corporation 33 33 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Load Balancing options
Global Load Balancing • Distribute traffic between data centers • Configured instantly • Round robin, weighted round robin, geography, failover
Local Load Balancing
• Distribute traffic within a data center pod • Configured instantly • Additional Policies: lowest latency, least connections, shortest response,
persistence IP
Citrix NetScaler VPS
• Maximum flexibility • L7 traffic management, SSL offloading.. • Content caching, compression, firewall..
© 2013 IBM Corporation 34 34 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Network Service Monitoring options
Host Ping + IPMI Statistics (default)
Email / Ticket notification (default)
Automated Customer Notification (default)
Host Ping + Services + IPMI Statistics ($5/server)
Automated Reboot from Monitoring Failure ($5/server)
24 / 7 / 365 NOC Monitoring ($50/server)
© 2013 IBM Corporation 35 35 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Example : Auto-Scaling • Motivation:
• A cloud consumer wants to deploy a load balanced application and allow for dynamic, policy based elasticity of the deployed environment such that
• New servers can be added to a load balancer • The environment should scale based on both schedule and performance policies.
• Challenge: How can a cloud service be defined that will allow for elasticity of load balanced environment, both within isolated SMS environments, as well as within regular environments
• If the environment is not elastic the customer will be required to overprovision to meet peak demand or they will be under provisioned in times of excess demand • The consumer will lose business if not able to meet demand for their IT services. • If elasticity can not also be delivered to secure environment, the number of use cases for elasticity are limited. • If the solution is difficult to use, it will be rarely used.
• Solution: • Define an auto-scaling solution that will work in all cloud environments, including those
in isolation. • Leverage Platform Cluster Manager Advanced Edition (PCMAE) to define and deploy
applications which are capable of auto scaling. • Build an integrated solution with the IaaS cloud environment which simplifies the task of
creating deployments capable of elasticity. • Integrate the solution with isolated SMS environments
© 2013 IBM Corporation 37 37 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Who Should Apply to Be A SoftLayer Business Partner Below is the selection criteria and partner characteristics • Qualification and prioritization
Existing cloud/annuity business? Current offerings that utilize IaaS? Technical staff supporting cloud services? Currently working any projects which require IaaS? Specific compensation plan for cloud business?
• Directed to the appropriate people on the team
E-mail: [email protected] • Questions, details, etc. • Contact your Channel Representative
© 2013 IBM Corporation 38 38 © 2013 IBM Corporation
www.softlayer.com/ibmpartners should be used to sign up for the SoftLayer services
Key Items to Assess
• Type of opera<ng environment (OS, hypervisor, network requirements, etc.)
• Amounts of infrastructure –
• VMs, storage, Network, Security, Monitoring,
• Key addi<onal services (e.g. database services, archiving, HA, email)
Discussing these with your client will help prepare them for signing up at www.softlayer.com/ibmparnters
© 2013 IBM Corporation 39 39 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Summary
Setup a private cloud using SoftLayer, with public cloud economics, and private cloud agility and control
Proven ability to create a hybrid cloud to burst existing private, on-site cloud onto the SoftLayer cloud • Deploying a VMware based private cloud is quick and easy using SoftLayer provisioning • Acquisition process is fast and intuitive • Base VMware products are automatically installed and configured
Results:
• Minimize long term capital costs • Agility • Scalability
http://www.softlayer.com
© 2013 IBM Corporation 40 40 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Agenda IBM SmartCloud Services
SoftLayer overview and background SofLayer Capabilities SmartCloud Enteprise +
© 2013 IBM Corporation 41 41 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SmartCloud Services provide value across the application deployment models found in business.
IBM SmartCloud Enterprise+
IaaSCapabilities
Managed Services
Requirements
Other Requirements
• Cloud Enabled• pSeries• X Series (Win /
Linux)• Tier 1 storage
• Managed Applications
• ITIL
• Data hosting location sensitive
IaaSCapabilities
Managed Services
Requirements
Other Requirements
• Cloud Enabled• pSeries• X Series (Win /
Linux)• Tier 1 storage
• Managed Applications
• ITIL
• Data hosting location sensitive
Scalable Virtualized Automated Lifecycle Heterogeneous Infrastructure
Cloud Enabled Elas<c Mul< -‐ tenant Integrated Lifecycle Standardized Infrastructure
Cloud Na<ve
+
Compatibility with existing systems
Scalable Virtualized Automated Lifecycle Heterogeneous Infrastructure
Cloud Enabled Elas<c Mul< -‐ tenant Integrated Lifecycle Standardized Infrastructure
Cloud Na<ve
+
Exis<ng Middleware Workloads Emerging PlaGorm Workloads
Systems of Record Exploitation of new environments
System of Engagement IaaS
Capabilities Managed Services
Requirements Other
Requirements
• Cloud Native • Intel (Win /
Linux) • Object
Storage
• Unmanaged • Customer
managed through APIs
• Hosted in US, Netherlands, Singapore
IaaS Capabilities
Managed Services
Requirements Other
Requirements
• Cloud Native • Intel (Win /
Linux) • Object
Storage
• Unmanaged • Customer
managed through APIs
• Hosted in US, Netherlands, Singapore
”
© 2013 IBM Corporation 42 42 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Ok so you got “cloud infrastructure”… What about those pesky services to manage it?
IBM SmartCloud Enterprise+ • IBM managed – Patching, Backup, Security, Active Directory,
Monitoring, … ITIL compliant! • Provides the infrastructure patterns to run your production workloads
with minimal changes (QA, HA, DR, choice of platform) • Strong SLAs – OS Instance-level guaranteed uptime • Deployment choices: Shared or dedicated – centrally mananged and
standardized • Dynamic provisioning, provisioned-based billing
© 2013 IBM Corporation 43 43 © 2013 IBM Corporation
IBM SmartCloud™ Enterprise+ Managed IaaS for born-on-the-enterprise applications
Infrastructure platform
Technology dexterity to handle a broad spectrum of workloads and characteristics – System P/High End x86
Management and support
Enterprise-class ITIL compliant managed services, governance, administration and managed applications
Availability and performance
Broad spectrum of technology options, with business-level service-level agreements and terms
Security Multiple security and isolation options built into the virtual infrastructure and network
Payment and billing
More flexible payment terms aligned to usage, platform and services
© 2013 IBM Corporation 44 44 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Capacity Service Category So:ware Image Managed Services
64-‐bit System x Virtual Machine 8 CPU, 16GB RAM, 384GB Storage
99.5 Silver SLA 24-‐hr service request fulfillment
RHEL Linux 5.4 DB2 Enterprise EdiUon v9.7.1
Enterprise (includes base and essenUal service
package)
A-‐La-‐Carte Standard MW/DB Monitoring Standard MW/DB Patch Management
+
Example
How a customer builds an SmartCloud Enterprise+ Virtual Machine
Client Portal
Capacity (server / storage)
Service Category
Software Image
Managed Services + +
© 2013 IBM Corporation 45 45 © 2013 IBM Corporation
SCE+ is all about managed services
• Operating Systems Monitoring and Management • Monitoring of OS Components • Patch Management • Anti-Virus on Windows OS • OS License Management • OS Level Security and Compliance
• Security Policy Management • Security Compliance Support • Audit Support Management • Regulatory Program Management
• ITIL based Managed Services • Service Catalogue • Service Request or Activation and Deactivation (SA&D) • Incident, Problem and Change Management (with support for Integration Services) • Event Management • Configuration Management • Asset Management
+ Capacity (server / storage)
Service Category
Software Image
Managed Services + +
© 2013 IBM Corporation 47 47 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Thank you for your time today.
For more information: • ibm.com/services • http://www.softlayer.com/info/free-cloud
Contact: • Andrea Finocchiaro • Mobile : +39 349-4112536 • [email protected]
© 2013 IBM Corporation 48 48 © 2013 IBM Corporation
Trademarks and notes
©IBM Corporation 2013
• IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, Cognos, DB2, Informix, Lotus, PureApplication, Rational, Rational Team Concert, IBM SmartCloud, System x, Tivoli and WebSphere are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with the appropriate symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate US registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the web at “Copyright and trademark information” at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
• Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. • Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. • Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries,
or both. • Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. • References in this publication to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them
available in all countries in which IBM operates.