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Mr Ambrose Lee, MA-IDT
Deputy Head, Singapore Red Cross Academy
Director for Curriculum & Research
Regional First Aid Instructor Trainer, IFRC
BCLS+AED Chief Instructor Trainer & Auditor, SRFAC
Mr Steven Tan
Senior Adjunct Instructor, SRCA
BCLS+AED Instructor Trainer, SRFAC
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WHAT WILL YOUR NEXT ACTION BE?
A customer suddenly collapses in front of your shop front…
You were at the back while your colleague is shocked with the situation…
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Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: 2016 dataWhat you should know?
2,503 OHCA cases in 2016
Bystander CPR2011: 22%2015: 54.1%2016: 56.4%
Bystander AED2011: 1.8%2015: 4.1%2016: 4.6%
Survival
6.5%Of all 2,503 cases, 163
survivors 30 days or hospital discharge
Residential
73.4%OHCA occurs mostly in residential areas and in
homes
DA-CPR
69%SCDF Dispatchers provide guidance and instructions
over the phone
Statistics Courtesy of MOH UPEC
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OHCA by GENDER
15.018.0 18.4 20.5
23.6 25.0
38.8 37.1
43.448.7
55.3 54.9
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Age
-sta
nd
ard
ize
d r
ate
s (p
er
10
0,0
00
p
op
ula
tio
n)
by
Ge
nd
er
Female Male
Incidence rates among females increased to 25 per 100,000 in 2016, up from 23.6 per 100,000 in 2015.
Incidence rates among males remained steady at 54.9 per 100,000 in 2016, slightly lower than 55.3 in 2015.
Statistics Courtesy of MOH UPEC
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OHCA by ETHNICITY
20.3 21.624.6 26.4
30.6 31.7
49.939.7
41.1
50.5
65.2 63.9
36.8 39.6
45.7
59.5 57.9 59.9
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Age
-sta
nd
ard
ize
d r
ate
s (p
er
10
0,0
00
p
op
ula
tio
n)
by
Eth
nic
ity
Chinese Indian Malay
Chinese: rates increased to 31.7 from 30.6 in 2015.
Malays: rates increased to 59.9 from 57.9 in 2015.
Indian: rates dropped to 63.9 per 100,000 vs 65.2 in 2015.
Statistics Courtesy of MOH UPEC
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Bystander Intervention: CPR+AED
22.0
32.9
42.8
50.754.1 56.4
1.8 1.9 2.5 3.6 4.1 4.6
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Bys
tan
de
r C
PR
, AED
%
Bystander CPR
Bystander CPR rates increased to 56.4% in 2016, up from 54.1% in 2015.
The use of AED (and applied) in 2016 increased slightly to 4.6% from 4.1%.
Collective efforts resulted in 163 survivors in 2016, up from 125 in 2015.
Statistics Courtesy of MOH UPEC
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Survival Rates
22.0
32.9
42.8
50.754.1 56.4
1.8 1.9 2.5 3.6 4.1 4.6
Statistics Courtesy of MOH UPEC
4853
73
83
125
163
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Nu
mb
er o
f su
rviv
ors
(d
isch
arge
d a
live
/ 3
0 d
ays
surv
ival
)
No of survivors
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~ Articles ~
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National AED Programmes
• SCDF installing AEDs in all public apartments near lifts
• National AED Registry
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4 Years on …
*estimated figures 1st Year (Dec 2016) Now (July’19)
Total Users (cumulative) 12,248 46,239
Avg no of cases 447 324
Avg Responders Notified 1,354 3,522
Avg Responders Accepted 96 220
Avg Responders Arrived 49 97
Statistics Courtesy of SCDF myResponder
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Citizen First Responder Statistics(up till July 2019)
Lives saved
17
ROSC: 139
Total Arrived: 2,870
Total Accepted: 6,522
Cases Created: 19,569
MEDICAL CASESStatistics Courtesy of SCDF myResponder
2019: 17
2018: 13
2017: 9
2016: 6
2015: 1
LIVES SAVED with App
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• Fainting
• Heat Injuries
• Burns
• Bleeding
• Sprains
• Fractures & Dislocations
•Breathing Emergencies
• Stroke
• Fits / Seizure
•Cardiac Emergencies
FIRST AID QUESTION:Q1. What are common medical emergencies at workplaces?
Q2. So…When do we call 995 for SCDF?
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When to call 995 for SCDF
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What are some roles you could play?
• Caller
• Responder
• Getting aid items
• Barricade
• Marshal
• Bystander
• “LIVE FEED”
• Media Influencer
• Any others???
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Medico-Legal Concerns - Will I be sued for helping?
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HAND HYGIENE!
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Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
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WHAT WILL YOUR NEXT ACTION BE?
Let’s Review…
A customer suddenly collapses in front of your shop front…
You were at the back while your colleague is shocked with the situation…
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EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
• Primary Survey (D R S A B C)
• Secondary Survey (S A M P L E)
• Recovery Position
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PRIMARY SURVEY
Danger Response Shout for Help AEDBreathing normally?
Chest Compressions
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SECONDARY SURVEY
Signs & Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last meal
Events leading up to injury
If the casualty is conscious and breathing, obtain information and history by using the acronym S A M P L E;
If the casualty is breathing and not conscious perform a detailed head-to-toe examination (using C H E C K or D O T S method)
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Observe the casualty’s normal breathing and level of consciousness as follows:
Alert
Alert and oriented.
Able to respond to simple questions and give answers. Eyes are open. Fully Conscious
Voice
Responds to verbal stimulus.
Able to respond to voice by answering the questions or moving the head/body.
Semi-Conscious
Pain
Responds to pain only.
Able to respond to pain. Move or squeal when pinched.
Unresponsive No response or movement. Unconscious
Monitoring the Casualty (AVPU)
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AED Key Concepts•On the AED
•Prepare the Chest
•Paste AED pads to specific locations
•Administer Shock “if necessary”
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Psychological First Aid
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What you can expect during training…
Be it at Red Cross…or at your workplace…
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What you can expect during training…
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KEY MESSAGESIncrease Awareness via Workshops
• Bystander CPR
• Bystander AED
Stay Prepared via myResponder
• To increase survival rates
• Register after learning CPR+AED
Always Ready – Call to Action!
• Learn Skills to Save Lives
• National goal: First Aider in every home
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