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MPLS Quality of Service –What Is It?
Carsten RossenhövelEANTC (European Advanced Networking Test Center)
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About EANTCEANTC offers vendor independent network
quality assurance since 1991
EANTC Berlin - Charlottenburg
Business AreasTest and certification of network components for manufacturersNetwork design consultancy and proof of concept tests for service providersRfP support and acceptance tests for large enterprises and government organizationsVendor-neutral technology seminars(MPLS, Analyzer Workshops)
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EANTC Research AreasKnowledge Base
Test Plan DatabaseDevelopment of advanced test plans for new technologies (Carrier Ethernet, IPTV, Wireless mesh, Content filtering, etc.)
Active Participation in Industry ForumsWe create abstract test suites for certificationVerify functions of new standards in their early stagesOffer multi-vendor test opportunities to vendors Events throughout Europe (next: Carrier Ethernet World Congress in Geneva, September 2007)
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Agenda
What isMPLS?
QoSandTE
VideoContent
QoS
EANTCIPTVTests
Summary
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Primer: What Is MPLS?Label-switched forwarding (tunneling)Uses an underlying IP backbone infrastructureExtensive traffic engineering functionalityVirtual Private Network (VPN) Services
IP-basedEthernet-basedATM- and TDM-based
Very mature (developed since 1999)Complex to configure and operateService provider takes the burden
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QoS and Traffic Engineering Options in MPLS
Simple Quality ofService - DiffServ
Standard Quality of Service and TrafficEngineering – IntServ, Manual
Tunnels, Fast Rerouting
Advanced Traffic Engineering – DiffServ-Aware
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Simple MPLS Differentiated Services
IP DiffServ converted to MPLSMPLS uses fewer classes (8 instead of 48); suitable mapping from IP required (true for E-LSPs)
Sufficient for coarse grain backbone QoS handling
DropClass Precedence
DropClass Precedence
0 1 2 3 4 5
MPLS LabelEXPLABEL VALUE
IP TOS field
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MPLS Integrated Services
Application Sharing
Application Sharing
Voice
Data
Video
Individual tunnels (manually) created for different types of application data
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Fast Rerouting – Global Repair
End-to-end backup tunnels are created manually, automatically switched over globally
IngressLER
EgressLER
AlternativeMPLS path
Path Switch LSR
FRSFRS
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Fast Rerouting – Local Repair
IngressLSR
EgressLSR
IngressLSR
EgressLSR
Fault detection and “immediate”
reroute
Backup tunnels are automatically created for each segment of the primary tunnel, switched locally
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DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering
Dynamic path selection using OSPF-TENetwork knows about available resources, globally
New tunnels preempt existing less important onesBUT: Do operators want this?
DiffServMarking
StandardMPLS TE
Constraint-based
Routing
DiffServ-Aware TE+ =+
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Agenda
What RequirementsDoes Video
ContentImpose
For QoS?
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Which QoS / TE Functions Are Important For Video Content?
Important only for studio quality contentHigh jitter values require large receiver buffers
Inter-Arrival Time (“Jitter”)
Important only for live or conversational (two-way) contentNobody cares about movie play-out delay
Latency
Extremely importantOne lost IP packet can contain up to eight MPEG frames
Packet LossCaused By:
OversubscriptionLink/Node FailureQoS Issues
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What Does Packet Loss Mean For Video Content?
Will NOT be able to react to packet loss; user will experience dropouts
Video Content: RTP/UDP based, real-time
Will react to packet loss by reducing the transmit rate
Web Content: TCP based, non-real-time
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Agenda
Recent EANTCExperiences
Of Video Testing
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Light Reading / EANTCTest of Cisco IPTV Solution
IPTV is the hot topic of the year 2007Light Reading commissioned EANTC to conduct an independent IPTV infrastructure test of a Cisco solutionUnique in that an end-to-end solution is tested to the scale of a backbone for 1 Million customers and a full POP infrastructure servicing 60,000 customersPublished on June 14 after nine months of preparation
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Light Reading Test Topology EANTC sent a Request for Proposal with functional requirements for a residential Triple Play networkCisco proposed a technical solutionMPLS over native IP!
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Light Reading Test Areas Summary
Performance& Scalability
Quality of Service
NetworkResiliency
CAC forVideoVQE
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Performance& Scalability
Quality of Service
NetworkResiliency
CAC forVideoVQE
Light Reading Test Results Summary
60Gb MCast replication per router
Line rate performance
Zero packet drop
Performanceand Scalability
Cisco QoS ensures triple play
experience
Only best effort traffic dropped in congestion
Mcast prioritization is solid
Quality of Service
Link, Nodemcast source failure
Sub-second service disruption during failure
<150ms service disruption during
recovery
NetworkResiliency
VQEmaintains
perfect video & voice from 0-10% packet
loss level
VQE
Call Admission Controlfor multicast and Video on Demand
Services is effective
CACFor Video
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Oversubscription Test ResultsNo unicast video traffic lost99.9999% of high-priority multicast traffic forwardedAll video traffic in low-latency real-time queue!
ServiceLoss Latency Loss Latency Loss Latency Loss Latency
Oversubscription Rate per DSLAMIPTV No Ok No Ok 0.00001% Ok 0.00001% OkVideo on Demand No Ok No Ok No Ok No OkVoice over IP No Ok No Ok No Ok No OkInternet - Residential Downstream No Ok Yes N/A Yes N/A Yes N/AInternet - Residential Upstream No Ok No Ok No Ok No OkInternet - Business Downstream No Ok No High No High No HighInternet - Business Upstream No Ok No Ok No Ok No OkLarge Business Customers Downstream No Ok No Ok No High No HighLarge Business Customers Upstream No Ok No Ok No Ok No Ok
2.50% 9.70% 13.60%0
BaselineDSLAM Port
OversubscriptionNPE to CRS1-1
OversubscriptionUPE - NPE2 Link Oversubscription
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Failover Tests
nPE2/uPE1 Links Failure, Multicast Out of Service Time
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
4045
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Out of Service Time [milliseconds]
Faile
d Fl
ows
[%]
Failure Run 1Failure Run 2Failure Run 3Failure Run 4Failure Run 5Recovery Run 1Recovery Run 2Recovery Run 3Recovery Run 4Recovery Run 5
We failed links in a Cisco 7600 infrastructure serving 30,000 users (unicast + multicast)90% unicast flows were rerouted within 5 ms, 100% within 45 ms50% multicast flows rerouted within 250 ms, all within 700 ms
nPE2/uPE1 Links Failure Unicast Out of Service Time
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 6 9 12 15 18 21 25 28 32 35 39 43
Out of Service Time [milliseconds]
[%] O
f Aff
ecte
d Fl
ows
Failure Run 1Failure Run 2Failure Run 3Failure Run 4Failure Run 5Recovery Run 1Recovery Run 2Recovery Run 3Recovery Run 4Recovery Run 5
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Additional Sources of Trouble
Too many video streams on the networkCall Admission Control necessary
Packet loss caused by physical layer issuesLost packets need to be rerequestedCisco provided VQE solution
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Lessons Learned
Video content (multicast and unicast) can be transported over MPLS
High quality of experience achievable by careful configuration of quality of service and traffic engineering
A video network can be operated much more efficient using these mechanisms
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Thank you for your interest!For further information, please contact us:
EANTC AG Einsteinufer 17 D-10587 BerlinGermany
Phone: +49.30.318 05 95-0Fax: +49.30.318 05 95-10E-mail: [email protected]
www.eantc.de