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PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookThe University of West Alabama
Part 1Overview
Mosley • Pietri
© 2008 Thomson/South-Western All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
Supervisory Management Roles and Challenges
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–2
Learning Objectives
1. Explain why management is needed in all organizations.
2. Describe the different levels of management.
3. Discuss what managers do.
4. Explain the basic skills required for effective management.
5. Explain where supervisors come from.
6. Clarify the different relationships supervisory managers have with others.
After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to:
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–3
Learning Objectives (cont’d)
7. Discuss the emerging position of supervisory managers.
8. Discuss some trends challenging supervisors.
After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to:
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–4
EXHIBIT 1.1 Partial Organization Chart for AutoFin Southeast Division
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–5
The Need for Management• Organization
A group of people working together in a structured situation for a common objective.
• Basic Organizational Activities1. Operations
Producing an organization’s product or service.2. Marketing
Selling and distributing an organization’s product or service.
3. Financing Providing or using funds to produce and
distribute an organization’s product or service.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–6
What is Management?• Management
Working with people to achieve objectives by effective decision making and coordinating available resources.
• Basic Resources Human resources
The people an organization requires for operations. Physical resources
Items an organization requires for operations. Financial resources
The money, capital, and credit an organization requires for operations.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–7
EXHIBIT 1.2 How Management Combines the Organization’s Resources into a Productive System
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–8
Levels of Management• What the organization assigns to you:
AuthorityThe right to tell others how to act to reach
objectives.
• What the organization expects of you: Responsibility
The obligation of an employee to accept a manager’s delegated authority.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–9
EXHIBIT 1.3 How Management Authority and Responsibility Increase at Higher Levels
Responsible for the entire or a major segment of the organization.
Responsible for a substantial part of the organization.
Controls operations of smaller organiza-tional units
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–10
What Do Managers Do?• Managerial Functions
The broad classification of activities that all managers perform1. Planning2. Organizing3. Staffing4. Leading5. Controlling
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–11
EXHIBIT 1.4 The Management Functions in Action
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–12
EXHIBIT 1.5 How the Management Functions Are Related
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–13
Management: Key Pioneers• Frederick W. Taylor (1856–1915)
Developed “Scientific Management”Focused on operational efficiencies in work
methods to increase worker output.
• Henri Fayol (1841–1925) Published General and Industrial Management. Advocated the study of management. His “principles” of management were precursors to
modern management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–14
EXHIBIT 1.6 Roles Played by Managers
Interpersonal RolesFigurehead
LeaderLiaison
Informational RolesMonitor
DisseminatorSpokesperson
Decision-Making RolesEntrepreneur
Disturbance handlerResource allocator
Negotiator
Source: “Roles Played by Managers,” adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by Henry Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 by Henry Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Henry Mintzberg.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–15
Skills Required for Effective Management• Conceptual Skills
Mental ability to become aware of and identifying relationships among different pieces of information.
• Human Relations Skills Understanding other people and interacting
effectively.• Administrative Skills
Establishing and following procedures to process paperwork in an orderly manner.
• Technical Skills Understanding and being able to supervise effectively
specific processes required.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–16
EXHIBIT 1.7 The Relative Importance of Managerial Skills at Different Managerial Levels
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–17
The Transition:Where Supervisors Come From• Internal Promotion
Advantages in choosing an internal candidateCurrent knowledge of
operationsA known performerProvides rewards and
incentive for performance Disadvantages
Lack of management skillsUnprepared for position
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–18
EXHIBIT 1.8 The Supervisor’s Network of Relationships
1
23
Supervisors are linking pins who are members of, and link or lock together, independent groups within an organization.
—Rensis Likert
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–19
EXHIBIT 1.9 The Flow of Supervisors’ Organizational Relationships
A union member elected by other members to represent their interests to management.
An experienced manager who acts as an advocate and teacher for a younger, less experienced manager.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–20
EXHIBIT 1.10 Changing Views of Supervisor’s Job
Traditional View of Supervisor’s JobSupervisor-focused work unit
Dominant role
Technical skills emphasis
Seeking stability
Telling, selling skills
Personal responsibility for results
Personal problem solving
Narrow, vertical communication
Fear, pressure used to motivate employees
Autocratic decision style
Emerging View of Supervisor’s JobTeam-focused work unit
Supportive role
Facilitation skills emphasis
Encouraging change
Listening skills
Shared responsibility for results
Team problem solving
Broader, horizontal, external communication
Pride, recognition, growth used to motivate employees
Participative decision style
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–21
Characteristics of “Exceptional” Supervisors• Were competent, caring, and committed both to getting the job done
and to supporting their employees.• Pushed for high quality, provided clear direction, and motivated
employees with timely, accurate feedback.• Willingly shared information with personnel.• Were committed to teamwork and employee participation in the
department’s decisions.• Shared skills and knowledge willingly and saw their role as one of
coach rather than driver.• Understood what was involved beyond their own units, from the
broader perspectives of the plant.• Took the initiative in implementing changes and new approaches.
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© 2008 Thomson/South-Western. All rights reserved. 1–22
Characteristics of “Average” Supervisors• Set narrowly defined goals and had more specific
performance standards.• Were less attuned to the plant’s overall goals and
focused more narrowly on their own unit.• Provided less information or feedback about
performance to their work groups.• Were less flexible, less innovative, and less willing to
change.• Maintained tighter controls and were uncomfortable
practicing participative management.
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Trends Challenging Supervisors• Dealing with a more diverse workforce.• Emphasizing team performance.• Coping with exploding technology.• Adjusting to occupational and industry shifts.• Meeting global challenges.• Improving quality and productivity.• Improving ethical behavior.• Responding to crises.
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Dealing with a More Diverse Workforce• Diversity
The wide range of distinguishing employee characteristics, such as sex, age, race, ethnic origin, and other factors.
• Glass Ceiling The invisible barrier that limits women from
advancing in an organization.
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Emphasizing Team Performance• Empowerment
Granting employees authority to make key decisions within their area of responsibility.
• Team Advisors Supervisors who share responsibility with team for
cost, quality, and prompt delivery of products.
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Adjusting to Occupational and Industry Shifts• Reinvention
Organizations dramatically changing such elements as their size, organizational structure, and markets.
• Reengineering Rethinking and redesigning processes to dramatically
improve cost, quality, service, and speed.• Downsizing
Striving to become leaner and more efficient by reducing the workforce and consolidating departments and work groups.
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Important Terms• administrative skills• authority• conceptual skills• controlling• diversity• downsizing• empowerment• ethical dilemmas• financial resources• financing• glass ceiling• human relations skills• human resources
• leading• management• managerial functions• marketing• mentoring• middle management• operations• organization• organizing• physical resources• planning• reengineering• reinvention
• relationships network
• responsibility• roles• staffing• supervisory
management• team advisors• technical skills• top management• union steward