Download - "More is not always better"
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More is not always better yStocking Rate for your L d F S t dLandscape, Farm System and LocationLocation Chris Glassey11th July 2014
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Stocking rates should be gconstantly reviewed
Changing economics: Maximum milk production and pasture utilisation per hectare does not equal maximum profit
Greater feed allowance/cow to realise genetic improvementimprovement
Likely requirements to farm within N discharge limits Likely requirements to farm within N discharge limits reduce farm N surplus
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Pastoral 21-Waikato after 3 years
Future Farm Current farm Future -Current
Cows/ha 2.6 3.2CSR kg Lwt/T DM 74 80MS/cow 442 367 +75MS/ha 1158 1186 -28$OP/ha* $3903 $4093 -190 (5%)N leached/ kg 25 58 33 (55%)N leached/ kg ha*
25 58 -33 (55%)
* 2 years data only
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DefinitionsDefinitionsSt ki t /h Stocking rate = cows/ha e.g. Otorohanga average stocking rate
2007-08 2012-13 This group
Cows/ha 2.93 2.88 2.86
Less cows = more feed/cow ? improved pastures more N/ha PKEimproved pastures, more N/ha, PKE Versus bigger cows, more appetite
Cows/ha doesnt fully inform us about the balance between feed demand and feed supply
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Comparative Stocking Rate (CSR)
Cow Lwt Home grown f d
Kg Lwt / t DM ha offeredSt ki t
Cow Lwt feed
ImportedStocking rate Imported feed
Useful to determine the effects of a change inUseful to determine the effects of a change in feed demand and supply on farm performance
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Comparative Stocking Rate, p g ,CSR, Otorohanga District
2012-13 This groupCows/ha 2 88 2 86Cows/ha 2.88 2.86Lwt/ha 1328 1327Tonnes offered DM/ha 16.6 15.9*
DM/cow 5.8 5.6CSR 80 83.5
This groups cows average 464 kg liveweight Feed offered estimated from group data supplied
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First messageFirst message
Assess the balance between feed supply and feed demand for your farm.feed demand for your farm.
Use comparative stocking rate (CSR) in Use comparative stocking rate (CSR), in addition to cows/ha. Also use t DM/cow/year
Attempt to Link with profit
No one perfectly accurate formulaNo one perfectly accurate formula
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Any Questions ?y
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Finding the Optimum for Profit
7000
8000
6000More cows increases revenue
More cows increases
4000
5000
$
/
h
a
Revenue/ha
faster than costs
costs faster than revenue
3000
Revenue/ha
Costs/ha
1000
2000
0 29 44 59 74 88 103 118 132 147Cows/ha 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5Revenue/ha 3600 4950 6000 6750 7200 7350 7200 6750 6000
CSR
SCRIT SMAXSOPT
Costs/ha 1411 2116.5 2822 3527.5 4233 4938.5 5644 6349.5 7055Stocking rate
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DairyNZ Stocking Rate Trial (18-20 t )
12004700
DM/ha, pasture only) Max. Profit
Max. milk
1100
11504200
4700
$
/
h
a
)
1000
10503200
3700
k
g
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a
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p
r
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$ OP $/ha
900
950
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2700
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o
l
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s
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k
p
e
r
a
t
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n
g
800
850
1200
1700
M
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k
s
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p
MS/ha
8001200
CSR (Lwt/t DM)
9160 70 76 89
CSR (Lwt/t DM)
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Research; impact of CSRResearch; impact of CSR on production, feed use & profit p , p
12 multi year farmlet trials 1990 to 2010 12 multi-year farmlet trials,1990 to 2010
98 individual farmlet years 98 individual farmlet years
Consistent management & measurementg
Statistical analysisy
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Farmlet profilesFarmlet profilesN f % fFarm
System
No. of farmletyears
% of imported
feedMS/ha
years feed1 50 0 1172
2 24 6 1205
3 12 15 1510
4 5 22 1870
5 7 29 17105 7 29 1710
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Research ResultsResearch ResultsRelationshipbetweenCSRandMS/cowandpastureutilisation
90%
95%
460
500
85%
90%
420
460
80%380
Pastureutilisation%KgMS/cow
1 unit decrease in CSR 0.5%
75%340decrease in pasture utilisation (P
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Reduce CSR by 10Reduce CSR by 10
Decrease pasture utilisation by 5%
Increase MS/cow by 45 kg MS/cow
>80% pasture utilisation still achievable with>80% pasture utilisation still achievable with high MS/cow (>90% of liveweight)
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CS f fCSR is not a strong predictor of profit3500
3300
3500
3100
(
$
)
0
0
8
2700
2900
O
p
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h
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c
d
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d
2
0
7
0
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0
2500
2700
M
a
c
N
Z
7
N
Z
9
23000 1 2 3 4 5 6Ultimately profit is determined by:
100CSR
Implementing good management practices
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Key messagesKey messages
Profit/ha is optimised at a CSR lower than maximum MS production/ha
Profit reduction is small if CSR not optimised Profit reduction is small if CSR not optimised
O i CSR f fi h i Optimum CSR for profit changes over time
Questions?
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CSR v ROC: 23 farms Waipa districty = -0.0011x + 0.1218
R = 0.16128 0%
9.0%
CSR v ROC: 23 farms Waipa district
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
4.0%
5.0%Return on Capital
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
0.0%
0%
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100CSR kg Lwt/tDM
RETURN ON CAPITAL (ROC) at 4-Yr Av ValuesLinear (RETURN ON CAPITAL (ROC) at 4-Yr Av Values)
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MessagesMessages Trend for ROC to improve as CSR is reducedTrend for ROC to improve as CSR is reduced
N t t l ti hi Not a strong relationship
-10 CSR = +1.1%
Good grazing management practices requiredrequired
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Example farmExample farm Reduce CSR from 90 to 80Reduce CSR from 90 to 80
Reduce cow numbers Increase feed supply for same cow numbersIncrease feed supply for same cow numbers
Base farm assumptionsBase farm assumptions 13.2 t Pasture DM offered/ha 2.8 t DM/ha imported feedp 3.1 cows/ha; 90 CSR Crossbred cows; Lwt of 464kg Current pasture utilisation 90% 325 kg MS/cow or 70% of Lwt; 1006 kg MS/ha
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Change CSR from 90 to 80Change CSR from 90 to 80Base farm 80 CSR 80 CSRBase farm
90 CSR3.1 cows/ha
80 CSR adjust cow numbers
80 CSR import feed(+2.0 t DM/ha)
(-0.34 cows/ha)
Kg MS/cow 325 370 370Kg MS/cow 325 370 370Kg MS/ha 1006 1018 1147t DM/ha 13 8 13 6 15 2t DM/ha eaten (cow)
13.8(4.5)
13.6(4.9)
15.2(4.9)
N l hiN leaching
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Your challengeg Estimate your annual pasture growth, feed offered
and feed eaten Estimate your CSR annuallyEstimate your CSR annually
Low: 85 Adjust CSR for herd improvement ( 3 k L t/ t DM/ ) Adjust CSR for herd improvement- (-3 kg Lwt/ t DM/year) Know your feed demand (t DM/cow) Know your current N input and N surplus/ha How will feed supply change on your farm if lowerHow will feed supply change on your farm if lower
N input is required?
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CSRComparative Stress Rate !!!
HIGH CSR LOW CSRDESIRED CSR
EfficiencyS i biliSustainabilityProfitability
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100%
CSR v MS as % of Cow Liveweight
y = -0.0166x + 2.0957R = 0.7917
80%
90%
100%
60%
70%
80%
40%
50%
60%
MS as % of Cow liveweight
20%
30%
40%
0%
10%
20%
0%60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
CSR kg Lwt/t DM
Milksolids as Percent of Cow Liveweight Linear (Milksolids as Percent of Cow Liveweight)