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Design of an Integrated Monitoring System
Module of Remote Sensing and GIS Integration Course 2014
Lammert Kooistra, Ron van Lammeren, Martin Herold,
Ben DeVries, Eskender Beza and Richard Fuchs
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RGIC general set-up
Academic Consultancy Training (ACT) project (20 d) Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Project proposal Analysis Report & Presentation
+ excursions: 2 days
Management skills
Project management
Communication (2 d)
Geo-skills GSNS LBS
Field Spectroscopy
(4 d)
Design of Integrated Monitoring System (DIMS: 9 d)
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Learning objectives for DIMS
Understand the role of geo-information science in integrated
monitoring of the system Earth;
Explain which concepts and techniques for integrated
monitoring systems are currently applied and for which earth
system processes;
Prepare a design for integrated monitoring system for a
selected beneficial area taking into account state-of-the-art
developments in the field of geo-information science;
Develop and implement a validation and fieldwork plan to
assess the quality of the main data sources of this monitoring
system;
Demonstrate the use of proper visualization techniques for
effective communication of the information in the monitoring
system.
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Program kick-meeting DIMS module
Time Title Presenter
8:30 – 9:00 Integrated Monitoring Systems: concepts and approaches Lammert Kooistra
9:00 – 9:30 Global context and societal benefits of geo-information and
earth observation in monitoring applications
Martin Herold
9:30 – 9:45 Break
9:45 – 10:05 Towards an Integrated Forest Monitoring System for REDD+: The Case of Kafa, Ethiopia
Ben DeVries
10:05 – 10:25 Opportunities for Crowdsourcing approach to collect
biophysical and socio-economic factors for yield gap analysis
Eskender Beza
10:25 – 10:45 Communicating research: storytelling with maps Richards Fuchs
10:45 – 11:00 Discussion
11:00 – 11:30 Introduction to the Assignment Design of an Integrated
Monitoring System
Lammert Kooistra
11:30 – 15:30 Brainstorm on selection of benefit area and monitoring system requirements
Project teams
15:30 – 16:30 Feedback session: introduction pitch (3 minutes) per team
on selected integrated monitoring system
Project teams
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Integrated Monitoring Systems:
Concepts and Approaches
Lammert Kooistra
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing
Wageningen University
DIMS Module of Remote Sensing and GIS Integration Course 2013
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Environmental Resource Management in the Anthropocene Era
Climate change
Land use change
Invasive species
disasters: flooding, hurricanes, …
Need for spatial-temporal monitoring
Not only WHAT and WHERE but also WHEN
& real-time !?
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User requirements for earth system monitoring Tim
e
hour –
day –
week –
month –
quarter –
year –
decade –
Space
–
–
–
–
–
– local regional state/country continental global
Up-/Down- Scaling
Agricultural parcel: precision agriculture (farmer) Nature reserve: nature management (nature service)
River catchments: flood protection (river & water board) Nature reserves: fire protection (forest service)
Climate change: carbon accounting (national government) Invasive species
Drought monitoring Biodiversity
Climate change Land use
Structural monitoring service
Event monitoring service
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Developments in Remote Sensing
Long term time-series
Range of sensor types
Range of products and services
Global organization and cooperation
Improved (web-based) accessibility
Also for non-experts
Standards and quality control
Near-real time availability
Development of early warning systems
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Developments in Geo-Sensor Networks
Traditional:
● Broad range of sensor networks
● Stable and well organized
● Often not real-time (manual or data-logger)
Trends:
● Miniaturization of microelectronics
● Wireless communication
● Developments of new materials & sensors
Consequences:
● Embedding devices into almost any man-made and some natural devices, and
● connecting the device to an infinite network of other devices, to perform tasks, without human intervention.
● Information technology becomes omnipresent.
Crossbow Mica Mote
Source: Nittel, Sensors, 2009
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Developments in Mobile Sensing
All kind of platforms combined with different sensor types
● Difficult accessible areas
● Disaster monitoring (flexibility)
● Mobile processes: traffic jams or animal tracking
Increasing autonomy of sensor network
Adaptive learning
Developments into human sensing:
● Use of mobile phones
● Citizen observatories
● Crowd sourcing
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Opportunities for Integrated Sensing Tim
e
hour –
day –
week –
month –
quarter –
year –
decade –
Space
–
–
–
–
–
– local regional state/country continental global
Up-/Down- Scaling
Agricultural parcel: precision agriculture (farmer) Nature reserve: nature management (nature service)
River catchments: flood protection (river & water board) Nature reserves: fire protection (forest service)
Climate change: carbon accounting (national government) Invasive species
Drought monitoring Biodiversity
Climate change Land use
Structural monitoring service
Event monitoring service
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Opportunities for Integrated Sensing Tim
e
hour –
day –
week –
month –
quarter –
year –
decade –
Space
–
–
–
–
–
– local regional state/country continental global
Up-/Down- Scaling
Agricultural parcel: precision agriculture (farmer) Nature reserve: nature management (nature service)
River catchments: flood protection (river & water board) Nature reserves: fire protection (forest service)
Climate change: carbon accounting (national government) Invasive species
Drought monitoring Biodiversity
Climate change Land use
Structural monitoring service
Event monitoring service
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Concepts for spatio-temporal data organisation
Digital Earth (Craglia et al., 2012):
● ‘a multi-resolution, three-dimensional representation of the planet that
would make it possible to find, visualise and make sense of vast amounts
of geo-referenced information on physical and social environments’
Sensor Webs (Teillet, 2010):
● ‘a system of autonomous, wireless, intra-communicating, spatially-
distributed sensor pods that can be deployed to monitor and explore new
environments, a smart macro instrument for coordinated sensing’
Global Earth Observation System of Systems (Lautenbacher, 2006):
● ‘The focus of GEOSS is to produce societal benefits through more
coordinated observations, better data management, increased data
sharing, and application to societal needs.’
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Global Earth Observation System of Systems: GEOSS
A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained System of Earth Observing Systems
GEO is a voluntary partnership of 72 governments and the European Commission, 52 intergovernmental organizations (Feb 2008)
source: www.earthobservations.org
User driven approach Interoperability
arrangements Web portal and
clearing house Support new
observation methods Dissemination
knowledge
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Monitoring and indicator frameworks
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs)
Plant traits (System Ecology)
Ecosystem Services (Biodiversity)
MRV REDD (Forestry)
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The New Production of Knowledge
Mode 1 Mode 2
• Academic context • Disciplinary • Homogeneity • Autonomy • Traditional quality control
(peer review)
• Context of application • Trans disciplinary • Heterogeneity • Reflexity/social
accountability • Novel quality control
Source: Hessels et.al. 2008 after Gibbons 1994
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Position of DIMS and ACT
Pure basic research
Use-inspired research
Pure applied research
Quest
for
fundam
enta
l unders
tandin
g
Considerations of use
Yes
Yes
No
No
Source: Stokes 1997
DIMS
ACT
PhD/MSc thesis
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Triple helix
University – Government – Industry
Complex relationship
● Confusion of roles
● Simultaneously Competing and
Cooperating
Silicon Valley, Food Valley, Brainport
Eindhoven, Mechatronic Valley, Health
Valley
Science became less autonomous
More customer-contractor relations
“Market based” system
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Application: Precision agriculture
Problem: Derive operational indicators for crop status/health over the growing season
Research challenges:
● Indicators: VIs -> temporal signal -> Fs -> crop models
● Sensor integration: near-remote sensing, platforms (both vegetation and soil)
● Backward integration: user friendly services
Partners: BLGG AgroXpertus, TTW, Terrasphere, vd Borne Aardappelen, WUR-PRI/PPO, MTT Finland
11 June 23 June 5 July 14 juli 19 aug 6 sept
Project Interreg IV A SMART INSPECTORS
31 May
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Integrated sensor approach for PA
close sensing
+ flexible acquisition
+ active system
– no processing standards
– point observations
spatial-temporal- spectral
scaling model
remote sensing whole parcel +
preprocessing + clouds –
not all days –
high-frequency time-series
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UAVs to support environmental management
detection
diagnosis & decision rules
management activity
Source: report van der Voet, 2012
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Summary
Integrated monitoring includes:
●New concepts for organization
●State-of-the-art observation or sensing techniques
●Explicitly taking users and beneficiaries into account (societal context)
●Combining different societal benefit areas
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References
Craglia et al., 2012. Digital Earth 2020: towards the vision for the next decade. International Journal of Digital Earth 5: 4-21.
Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Schill, C., Perger, C., See, L., Schepaschenko, D., van de Velde, M., Kraxner, F., Obersteiner, M. (2012). Geo-Wiki: An online platform for improving global land cover. Environmental Modelling and Software 31: 110-123.
Lautenbacher, C.E. (2006). The Global Earth Observation System of Systems: Science Serving Society. Space Policy 22: 8-11.
Kooistra, L.; Thessler, S.; Bregt, A.K. (2009). User requirements and future expectations for geosensor networks – an assessment. In: GeoSensor Networks 2009 / Trigoni, N., Markham, A., Nawaz, S., . - Berlin-Heidelberg : Springer, (Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5659) .
Ligtenberg, A.; Kooistra, L. (2009). Sensing a changing world. Sensors 9: 6819 - 6822.
Nittel, S. (2009). A Survey of Geosensor Networks: Advances in Dynamic Environmental Monitoring. Sensors 9: 5664-5678.
Teillet, P. (2010). Sensor Webs: A geostrategic technology for integrated earth sensing. IEEE JSTARS 3: 47-80.