Download - Module 3, lesson 2 enzymes3
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ENZYMES
•Enzymes are organic compounds.
•They are made up of proteins.
•They are called organic catalysts
Catalysts speed up a reaction but are not used up in the reaction.
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Properties of Enzymes
• speed up the rate of the reaction
• lower the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to happen
• remain unchanged at the end of the reaction
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Enzymes either help break things down or put them together.
They often end in “ase”
• Lactase breaks down lactose.
• Sucrase breaks down sucrose.
• http://www.medbio.info/Horn/Sugars4Kids/big_and_small.htm
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What enzyme is a person who is lactose intolerant missing?
www.delawarecountyirritablebowelsyndromespecialist.info
Lactase! That is why their stomach hurts.
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How do enzymes work?
1. Substrate: the substance that is being broken down.2. Active Site: The place on the enzyme that connects to the
substrate.3. The active site of the enzyme connects to the substrate and
breaks it into the products.
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Here is an example of an enzyme breaking down food.
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Enzymes in your intestines break down your food.
www.mdconsult.com/.../0/0/10041/19823_en.jpg
What does protease break the above proteins down into?
Amino Acids
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Lock and Key
•Enzymes are specific•This means that only 1 substance, or substrate, will fit into each enzyme.(Just like your house key only works at your house.)
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Lock and Key
•The key to your house can open your door many times. •An enzyme can also be used over and over again.•The key has a specific place on the door.
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Several factors can affect the speed of an enzyme
• Coenzymes: Vitamins or minerals that speed up the rate of enzymes
Inhibitors:• Things that block an
enzyme and slow it down
• Examples: drugs
Denaturation– Factors that change
the shape of an enzyme
– Examples: Temperature and PH
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• If you heat the protein above its optimal temperature bonds break .
• meaning the protein loses it folded up structure
• This is called denaturing the protein. The active site changes shape so the substrate no longer fits.
Effect of heat on enzyme activity
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Rat
e of
Rea
ctio
n
Temperature
0 20 30 5010 40 60
40oC - denatures
5- 40oC Increase in Activity
<5oC - inactiveTemperature (degrees C)
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If you melt your key , it won’t open your door!
http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/00923/smallpox.htm
This is why you feel tired when you are sick.
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Rat
e of
Rea
ctio
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pH
1 3 42 5 6 7 8 9
pH scale
For this enzyme, there are two optimal pH ranges for the enzyme to work.It does not work in other pHs because the active site changes
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Do humans need enzymes?
YES
Uses: DigestionTo get our body energyEconomic uses: Detergents
Many fatal genetic disorders are due to the absence of just ONE enzyme.