Module 3: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings
Module 3: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings
• Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• Overview of TCP/IP Addressing
• Name Resolution
• Dynamic IP Addressing
• TCP/IPv4 Tools
Lesson 1: Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• TCP/IP Architecture
• How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model
• Transport Layer Protocols
• Common Application Layer Protocols
• What Is an RFC?
TCP/IP Architecture
TransportTransport
InternetInternet
Network InterfaceNetwork Interface
ApplicationApplication
EthernetEthernet Frame Relay
Frame Relay
Token Ring
Token Ring ATMATM
HTTPHTTP FTPFTP SMTPSMTP DNSDNS POP3POP3 SNMPSNMP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
TCPTCP UDPUDP
IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4ARPARP
IGMP
IGMP
ICMPICMP
How the TCP/IP Model Relates to the OSI Model
TCP/IP Protocol SuiteTCP/IPOSI
TCP TCP UDP UDP
Ethernet Ethernet Frame
Relay
Frame
Relay
Token
Ring
Token
RingATMATM
ApplicationApplication
TransportTransport
Network InterfaceNetwork Interface
HTTP
HTTP
ApplicationApplication
TransportTransport
NetworkNetwork
Data-LinkData-Link
PresentationPresentation
SessionSession
PhysicalPhysical
InternetInternet
FTP
FTP
SM
TP
SM
TP
DN
SD
NS
PO
P3
PO
P3
SN
MP
SN
MP
IPv6IPv6IPv4IPv4ARPARP
IGMP
IGMP
ICMPICMP
Transport Layer Protocols
TCP:
• Connection oriented
• Reliable
UDP:
• Connectionless
• Unreliable
Common Application Layer Protocols
Some common application layer protocols are:
• HTTP/HTTPS
• RPC over HTTP
• FTP
• RDP
• SMB
• SMTP
• POP3
Status levels:
•Required
•Recommended
•Elective
•Limited use
•Not recommended
Maturity levels:
•Proposed standard
•Draft standard
•Internet standard
What Is an RFC?
A Request for Comments (RFC) is description of network functionality A Request for Comments (RFC) is description of network functionality
Lesson 2: Overview of TCP/IP Addressing
• The Components of an IP Address
• What Is a Subnet Mask?
• What Is a Default Gateway?
• What Is DNS?
• Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address
The Components of an IP Address
IP Address192.168.2.182
IP Address192.168.2.182
IP Address192.168.2.180
IP Address192.168.2.180
IP Address192.168.2.181
IP Address192.168.2.181
IP Address192.168.1.180
IP Address192.168.1.180
IP Address192.168.1.182
IP Address192.168.1.182
IP Address192.168.1.181
IP Address192.168.1.181
What Is a Subnet Mask?
Network ID
Subnet mask
IP address
xw y z
192 168 44 0
xw y z
255 255 255 0
xw y z
192 168 44 32
What Is a Default Gateway?
The default gateway:
• Is used to route packets to other networks
• Is used when the internal routing table on the host has no information about the destination subnet
Use DHCP to deliver all IP Settings, including the default gateway, to client computersUse DHCP to deliver all IP Settings, including the default gateway, to client computers
What Is DNS?
DNS is used to:
• Resolve host names to IP addresses
• Locate domain controllers and global catalog servers
• Used to resolve IP addresses to host names
• Used to locate mail servers during e-mail delivery
Demonstration: Configuring a Static IP Address
In this demonstration, you will see how to configure a static IPv4 address
Lesson 3: Name Resolution
• Types of Names that Computers Use
• What Are DNS Zones and Records?
• How Internet DNS Names are Resolved
• Host Name Resolution Process
• Demonstration: Configuring Host Name Resolution
• What Is WINS?
• NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
Types of Names That Computers Use
Name Description
Host names
Up to 255 characters in length
Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, periods, and hyphens
Part of FQDN
NetBIOS names
Represent a single computer or group of computers
15 characters used for the name
16th character identifies service
Flat namespace
What Are DNS Zones and Records?
A DNS zone is a specific portion of DNS namespace that can contain DNS records
Records in forward lookup zones include:
• A
• SRV
• MX
• CNAME
Records in reverse lookup zones include:
• PTR
How Internet DNS Names are Resolved
WorkstationWorkstation
207.46.230.219 207.46.230.219
Local DNS ServerLocal DNS Server
What is the IP address of
www.microsoft.com?Root DNS ServerRoot DNS Server
.com DNS Server.com DNS Server
Microsoft.com DNS Server
Microsoft.com DNS Server
Host Name Resolution Process
Local Host NameLocal Host Name11
DNS ServerDNS Server33
NetBIOS Name CacheNetBIOS Name Cache44
WINS ServerWINS Server55
Lmhosts FileLmhosts File77
BroadcastBroadcast66
DNS Resolver CacheDNS Resolver Cache22
Demonstration: Configuring Host Name Resolution
In this demonstration, you will see how to configure host name resolution
What Is WINS?
Queries a WINS server11
If not in use, then registers the NetBIOS name and associated IP address33
Determines whether name is in use22
PayrollPayroll WINS ServerWINS Server
NetBIOS NameRegistration
Query
??
OKOK
NetBIOS Name Resolution Process
Local Host NameLocal Host Name55
DNS ServerDNS Server77
Lmhosts FileLmhosts File44
BroadcastBroadcast33
NetBIOS Name CacheNetBIOS Name Cache11
DNS Resolver CacheDNS Resolver Cache66
WINS ServerWINS Server22
Lesson 4: Dynamic IP Addressing
• What Is DHCP?
• DHCP Address Renewal
• DHCP Configuration Options
• What Is Alternate Configuration?
• What s Automatic Private IP Addressing?
• Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing
What Is DHCP?
Non-DHCP ClientNon-DHCP Client DHCP ClientDHCP Client
DHCP ServerDHCP ServerDHCP DatabaseDHCP Database
IP Address1
IP Address2
IP Address3
.
.
.
IP AddressN
IP Address1
IP Address2
IP Address3
.
.
.
IP AddressN
IP Address2
IP Address1
DHCP ClientDHCP Client
DHCP Address Renewal
DHCP ServersDHCP
Servers
Lease-Holding DHCP Server
Lease-Holding DHCP Server
DHCPREQUEST (Unicast)DHCPREQUEST (Unicast)11
11
22
DHCPREQUEST (Broadcast)DHCPREQUEST (Broadcast)22
DHCPACKDHCPACK33
DHCP ClientDHCP Client
33
DHCP ServerDHCP Server
Non-DHCP Server
Non-DHCP Server
DHCP Configuration Options
DHCP configuration options include:
• Creating scopes
• Start and end IP addresses
• Subnet mask
• Lease duration
• Router
• DNS server
• Exclusions
• Reservations
What Is Alternate Configuration?
Yes
No
No
Yes
YesNo
DHCP server assigns address to clientDHCP server assigns address to client
APIPA address is assignedAPIPA address is assigned
User-configured IP address is assignedUser-configured IP address is assigned
User-configured IP address is not assigned
User-configured IP address is not assigned
Server found?
User-configured
alternate configurationspecified?
APIPA configuredand enabled?
DHCP client without an IP address attemptsto locate DHCP Server
DHCP client without an IP address attemptsto locate DHCP Server
What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing?
Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA):
• Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted
• Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 network
• Cannot be used with:
• Active Directory
• Internet connectivity
• Multiple subnets
• DNS or WINS servers
Demonstration: Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing
In this demonstration, you will you will see how to configure dynamic IP addressing
Lesson 5: TCP/IPv4 Tools
• What Is IPConfig?
• What Is NETStat?
• What Is NBTStat?
• What Is Netsh?
• Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools
IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and control the DNS resolver cacheIPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and control the DNS resolver cache
What Is IPConfig?
Option Description
/all Displays all IP address configuration information
/release Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease
/renew Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease
/flushdns Purges the DNS resolver cache
/registerdns Refreshes DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names
/displaydns Displays the contents of the DNS resolver cache
NETStat is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connectionsNETStat is used to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections
What Is NETStat?
Option Description
-a Displays all connections and listening ports
-b Displays the executable involved in creating each connection and listening port
-e Displays Ethernet statistics
-r Displays the routing table
-s Displays per protocol statistics
What Is NBTStat?
NBTStat is used to display NetBIOS information on the local computerNBTStat is used to display NetBIOS information on the local computer
Option Description
-a View NetBIOS information for a specific NetBIOS name
-c View the local cache of machine names and their IP addresses
-n View local NetBIOS names
-R Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-s Lists sessions table by using IPv4 addresses
You can configure and monitor:
•Windows Firewall
•IP settings
•Interface settings
•IPSec
Netsh is a command-line utility that is used to configure and monitor network settingsNetsh is a command-line utility that is used to configure and monitor network settings
What Is Netsh?
Demonstration: Using TCP/IPv4 Tools
In this demonstration, you will see how to use:
• IPConfig
• NETStat
• Netsh
Lab: Configuring Basic TCP/IPv4 Settings and Validating TCP/IPv4 Connectivity
• Exercise 1: Configuring a Dynamic IP Address
• Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IP Address
• Exercise 3: Testing DNS Configuration
• Exercise 4: Connecting to a Web Application
Estimated time: 60 minutes
Virtual machine NYC-DC1, NYC-CL1, NYC-WEB
User name Administrator
Password Pa$$w0rd
Lab Review
• Why would you use NSLookup to verify DNS records rather than using Ping?
• Why would you configure a Web site to run on a non-standard port number?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Real-world Issues and Scenarios
• Best Practices
• Tools