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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein SynthesisWhat is protein synthesis?
When does it occur in a cell?
Why does it occur?
Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2lshttps://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)How does protein synthesis occur?
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)Transcription
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Protein Synthesis (cont.)Translation
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
RNA Ribonucleic Acid• What is it?• What kinds of RNA are there and what do they do? • What does it look like?
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Universal Genetic Code
Each codon (three nucleotide bases) code for a single amino acid. The chart below shows the mRNA Codons and the amino acids they code for.
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
What is the amino acid sequence for the following gene ? (DNA sequence)
DNA Sequence: AGC TTA TCC AGG CTC
mRNA codons:
tRNA anticodons:
amino acid sequence:
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
What causes certain disorders such as sickle cell anemia or hemophilia?
MUTATIONS
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/18dnadamage.html
How do mutations occur?
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/17sicklecell.html
• Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication (slow process: it takes many (thousands of generations) for the naturally occurring mutations to develop and spread.
• Mutagens......(oh so scary)
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Types of Gene MutationsPoint Mutation ATT GCG TAA TGT GCC
ATT GCG CAA TGT GCC
original code
mutation
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Chromosomal Mutations
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Modern Genetics SB.notebook January 19, 2018
Mutations in specific genes cause specific genetic disorders. The mutated gene is inherited from the parent(s).
• Sickle Cell Anemia• Cystic Fibrosis• TaySachs Disease• Huntington’s Disease• PKU (Phenylketonuria)
Some Human Genetic Disorders