Transcript
Page 1: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

MODELS OF GRIEFPROCESS

Lorelle Madden M Couns, Grad Dip Couns Studies,B.Ed, Dip Rel Couns, Cert IV TAA,

MAARC, SCAPE, PACFA # 20412

Page 2: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

• Virginia Satir - “Human experience is universal, but my experience is unique.” (Lecture notes)

• Professor Gordon Allport (September 1957, lecture notes) – “Each man is like all other men; each man is like some other men; each man is like no other man.” (Worden, 2009, p.8)

Page 3: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Stages of Grief – Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

1. Shock and denial - “No, not me!”

2. Rage and anger - “Why me?” “Why now?”

3. Bargaining - “Yes, it is me, but…”

4. Depression - “Yes it is me!”

5. Acceptance - Inner and outer peace

Page 4: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Phases of Mourning – Parkes, C.M.

• Phase I – Period of Numbness – ignore the loss

• Phase II – Phase of Yearning – deny permanency of loss

• Phase III – Phase of Disorganization and Despair – difficult to function in the environment

• Phase IV – Phase of Reorganised Behaviour – begin to pull his or her life back together

Page 5: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Tasks of Mourning – William J. Worden

I. To accept the reality of the loss (not believing)

II. To process the pain of grief (not feeling)

III. To adjust to a world without the deceased A. External adjustments: (not adjusting) Living daily without the person

B. Internal adjustments: (not growing) Who am I now?

C. Spiritual adjustments (not understanding) Reframe assumptive world

IV. To find an enduring connection (not moving forward)

with the deceased while embarking on a new life.

Page 6: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

The Mediators of Mourning - Worden

Mediator 1 Kinship (who died)

Mediator 2 Nature of the attachmentstrength/securityambivalent/conflicteddependency issues

Mediator 3 Death circumstancesproximity of deathexpectedness of deathtraumatic deathmultiple lossespreventable deathambiguous deathstigmatized death

Page 7: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

The Mediators of Mourning – Worden (cont’d)

Mediator 4 Historical antecedentsloss historymental health history

Mediator 5 Personality mediatorsage/gendercoping styleattachment style (secure, insecure)cognitive styleego strength (esteem, efficacy)assumptive world (beliefs, values)

Page 8: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

The Mediators of Mourning – Worden (cont’d)

Mediator 6 Social mediatorssupport availabilitysupport satisfactionsocial role involvementreligious resourcesethnic expectations

Mediator 7 Concurrent stresseslife-change events

Page 9: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Levels of Loss – Patricia Weenolsen

1. Specific loss incident – primary loss

2. Associated losses – secondary loss

3. Abstract or holistic losses to the life or self

4. Losses to the self or self-concept

5. Metaphorical losses – idiosyncratic meaning of loss to individual

Page 10: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Normal Grief1. Feelings

* sadness* anger* guilt and self-reproach* anxiety* loneliness* fatigue* helplessness* shock* yearning*emancipation* numbness

Page 11: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Normal Grief (cont’d)2. Physical Sensations

* hollowness in the stomach* tightness in the chest* tightness in the throat* oversensitivity to noise* sense of depersonalisation* breathlessness, feeling short of breath* weak in the muscles* lack of energy* dry mouth

Page 12: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Normal Grief (cont’d)

3. Cognitions* disbelief* confusion* preoccupation* sense of presence* hallucinations

Page 13: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

Normal Grief (cont’d)4. Behaviours

* sleep disturbances* appetite disturbances* absentminded behaviour* social withdrawal* dreams of the deceased* avoiding reminders of the deceased* searching and calling out* sighing* restless hyperactivity* crying* visiting places or carrying objects that remind the survivor

of the deceased* treasuring objects that belonged to the deceased

Page 14: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

We find a place for what we lose. Although we know that after such a loss the acute stage of mourning will subside, we also know that we shall remain inconsolable and will never find a substitute. No matter what may fill the gap, even if it be filled completely, it nevertheless remains something else.

Freud, to his friend Binswanger on the death of his son.(1961, p.386)

Page 15: MODELS OF GRIEF PROCESS

References

Freud, S. (1961) Letters of Sigmund Freud (E. L. Freud, Ed.). New York: Basic Books.Kubler-Ross, E. (1997) Living with Death and Dying. New York: Touchstone.Weenolsen, P. (1988) Transcendence of Loss over the Life Span. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Worden, J. W. (2010) (4th Edn) Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Routledge


Top Related