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Modeling Aircraft Performance Parameters with Open ADS-B Data
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Twelfth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar
Junzi Sun, Joost Ellerbroek, Jacco Hoekstra
Delft University of Technology
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Content
● Background
● Objective
● Method
○ Parameters
○ Flight phases
● Results
● Discussions
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Objective
● Open data
● Operational performance in all flight phases
○ takeoff, initial climb, climb, cruise, descent, final
approach, landing
● Direct performance parameters
○ Speed, vertical rate, distance, etc
● Hidden Performance Parameters
○ Different speed and vertical rate under constant
CAS/Mach profile
● As many aircraft types as possible
● Used for kinematic modeling
● Results are reproducible and open-source
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Why another model ?
Open data, open models.
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Background (Open-source application)
Bluesky - The open-source air traffic simulator
5https://github.com/ProfHoekstra/bluesky
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Background (Data)
Large amount of air traffic data from ADS-B
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Background (Tool)
pyModeS - the Python ADS-B and Enhanced Mode-S decoder
7https://github.com/junzis/pyModeS
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Background (Tool)
Well designed, automatic, flight phase extraction tools
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takeoff > initial climb > climb > cruise > descent > final approach > landing
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Global Forecast System
Updated every 6 hours
All vertical levels, except surface
Smooth wind data from GFS model
Background (Open wind data / model)
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Integrated Surface Data
Typically updated every hour
Only surface data
Real time wind measurements
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Background (Statistical model)
Parametric / non-parametric analysis
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How is it constructed ?
Flight phase and statistics.
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Terms and definitions
● Optimal, minimum, and maximum value
● Confidence intervals
○ 80% for most of the velocity parameters,
○ 98% for range parameters
○ 90% for other parameters.
● Distributions
○ Normal distribution (prefered)
○ Gamma distribution
○ Beta distribution
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Takeoff
● Approximate the takeoff moment
● Parameters
○ Takeoff distance
○ Liftoff speed
○ Mean ground acceleration
Aircraft: Airbus A32013
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Initial climb
● To altitude 1500 ft
● Parameters
○ Speed
○ Vertical speed
Std. at each flight ->
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Climb
Identification of constant CAS/Mach profiles
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Climb
Identification of constant CAS/Mach profiles
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Climb
Parameters
● Speeds
○ CAS
○ Mach
● Vertical rates
○ At different parts
● Transition altitude
● Range of climb
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Cruise
● Parameters○ Operational and maximum cruise speed○ Operational and maximum cruise altitude○ Cruise range
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Descent
Identification of constant Mach/CAS profiles
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Descent
Identification of constant CAS/Mach profiles
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Descent
Parameters
● Speeds
○ CAS
○ Mach
● Vertical rates
● Transition altitude
● Range of descent
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Final approach
● From altitude 1500 ft
● Parameters
○ Speed
○ Vertical speed
Std. at each flight ->
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Landing
● Parameters
○ Landing distance
○ Approach speed
○ Mean ground deceleration
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Results
Open sourced
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Performance Database
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Performance Database
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https://github.com/junzis/ofe
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Discussions
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1. Comparison with BADA
10 parameters on 14 different aircraft
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2. Comparison with EuroControl aircraft performance database
17 parameters on 14 different aircraft
29https://contentzone.eurocontrol.int/aircraftperformance/
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3. CDA vs Non-CDA
Influence of performance parameter due to continuous descent approach
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4. Take-off moment
Locating the take-off moment, limitation in dataset.
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Conclusions
● Performance of 31 most common aircraft types
○ 17 included in the paper
● Accurate models based on 1.7 million of flights
● Comparison with BADA and Eurocontrol database
● Open source database
● Future work to improve the number of aircraft types in the database
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Take away
● Best suit for kinematic ATM studies
● Flight envelop
○ Optimal, minimum, and maximum value
● Stochastic simulation
○ Parametric probability distribution functions
● [Future] kinetic performance model
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